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网络编程
(1)网络编程:用Java语言实现计算机间数据的信息传递和资源共享(2)网络编程模型
(3)网络编程的三要素
A:IP地址
a:点分十进制
b:IP地址的组成
c:IP地址的分类
d:dos命令
e:InetAddress
B:端口
是应用程序的标识。范围:0-65535。其中0-1024不建议使用。
C:协议
UDP:数据打包,有限制,不连接,效率高,不可靠
TCP:建立数据通道,无限制,效率低,可靠
(3)Socket机制
A:通信两端都应该有Socket对象
B:所有的通信都是通过Socket间的IO进行操作的
(4)UDP协议发送和接收数据
发送:
创建UDP发送端的Socket对象
创建数据并把数据打包
发送数据
释放资源
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class SendDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建发送端Socket对象
// DatagramSocket()
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
// 创建数据,并把数据打包
// DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length, InetAddress address, int port)
// 创建数据
byte[] bys = "hello,udp,我来了".getBytes();
// 长度
int length = bys.length;
// IP地址对象
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.12.92");
// 端口
int port = 10086;
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, length, address, port);
// 调用Socket对象的发送方法发送数据包
// public void send(DatagramPacket p)
ds.send(dp);
// 释放资源
ds.close();
}
}</span>
接收:
创建UDP接收端的Socket对象
创建数据包用于接收数据
接收数据
解析数据包
释放资源
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ReceiveDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建接收端Socket对象
// DatagramSocket(int port)
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(10086);
// 创建一个数据包(接收容器)
// DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int length)
byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
int length = bys.length;
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, length);
// 调用Socket对象的接收方法接收数据
// public void receive(DatagramPacket p)
ds.receive(dp); // 阻塞式
// 解析数据包,并显示在控制台
// 获取对方的ip
// public InetAddress getAddress()
InetAddress address = dp.getAddress();
String ip = address.getHostAddress();
// public byte[] getData():获取数据缓冲区
// public int getLength():获取数据的实际长度
byte[] bys2 = dp.getData();
int len = dp.getLength();
String s = new String(bys2, 0, len);
System.out.println(ip + "传递的数据是:" + s);
// 释放资源
ds.close();
}
}</span>
(5)TCP协议发送和接收数据
发送:
创建TCP客户端的Socket对象
获取输出流,写数据
释放资源
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建客户端Socket对象
Socket s = new Socket("192.168.12.92", 9999);
// 获取输出流
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write("今天天气很好,适合睡觉".getBytes());
// 获取输入流
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(bys);// 阻塞
String client = new String(bys, 0, len);
System.out.println("client:" + client);
// 释放资源
s.close();
}
}</span>
接收:
创建TCP服务器端的Socket对象
监听客户端连接
获取输入流,读取数据
释放资源
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ServerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建服务器Socket对象
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
// 监听客户端的连接
Socket s = ss.accept(); // 阻塞
// 获取输入流
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
byte[] bys = new byte[1024];
int len = is.read(bys); // 阻塞
String server = new String(bys, 0, len);
System.out.println("server:" + server);
// 获取输出流
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write("数据已经收到".getBytes());
// 释放资源
s.close();
// ss.close();
}
}
</span>
(6)案例:
A:UDP
a:把发送数据改进为键盘录入 B:TCP
a:最基本的TCP协议发送和接收数据
b:服务器给出反馈
c:客户端键盘录入服务器控制台输出
d:客户端键盘录入服务器写到文本文件
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class SendDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建发送端的Socket对象
DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
// 封装键盘录入数据
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
if ("886".equals(line)) {
break;
}
// 创建数据并打包
byte[] bys = line.getBytes();
// DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, bys.length,
// InetAddress.getByName("192.168.12.92"), 12345);
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(bys, bys.length,
InetAddress.getByName("192.168.12.255"), 12345);
// 发送数据
ds.send(dp);
}
// 释放资源
ds.close();
}
}
</span>
e:客户端读取文本文件服务器控制台输出
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建Socket对象
Socket s = new Socket("192.168.12.92", 34567);
// 封装文本文件
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
"InetAddressDemo.java"));
// 封装通道内的流
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
s.getOutputStream()));
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
bw.write(line);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
}
br.close();
s.close();
}
}</span>
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class ServerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建服务器Socket对象
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(34567);
// 监听客户端连接
Socket s = ss.accept();
// 封装通道内的流
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
s.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
s.close();
}
}</span>
f:客户端读取文本文件服务器写到文本文件
g:上传图片
h:多线程改进上传文件
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class UserThread implements Runnable {
private Socket s;
public UserThread(Socket s) {
this.s = s;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 封装通道内的流
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
s.getInputStream()));
// 封装文本文件
// BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new
// FileWriter("Copy.java"));
// 为了防止名称冲突
String newName = System.currentTimeMillis() + ".java";
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(newName));
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { // 阻塞
bw.write(line);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
}
// 给出反馈
BufferedWriter bwServer = new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));
bwServer.write("文件上传成功");
bwServer.newLine();
bwServer.flush();
// 释放资源
bw.close();
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}</span>
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class UploadServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建服务器Socket对象
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(11111);
while (true) {
Socket s = ss.accept();
new Thread(new UserThread(s)).start();
}
}
}</span>
<span style="font-size:18px;">public class UploadClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建客户端Socket对象
Socket s = new Socket("192.168.12.92", 11111);
// 封装文本文件
// BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
// "InetAddressDemo.java"));
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
"ReceiveDemo.java"));
// 封装通道内流
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
s.getOutputStream()));
String line = null;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
bw.write(line);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
}
// Socket提供了一个终止
s.shutdownOutput();
// 接收反馈
BufferedReader brClient = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
s.getInputStream()));
String client = brClient.readLine();
System.out.println(client);
// 释放资源
br.close();
s.close();
}
}</span>