1.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——内存屏障
2.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——原子操作
3.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——自旋锁
4.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——信号量
5.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——互斥锁
6.linux内核(线程/进程)同步——完成量
原子操作
原子操作主要是借助汇编指令strex
和 ldrex
。使用ldrex
总线会监控有没有其他实体存取该地址,如果有会其他实体进行strex
操作会失败,只有当本实体strex
后其他实体才可以strex
。
这两个操作对应的内核封装在atomic.h中
//设置变量的值
#define ATOMIC_INIT(i) { (i) }
#define atomic_set(v,i) (((v)->counter) = (i))
//读取
#define atomic_read(v) (*(volatile int *)&(v)->counter)
//自增自减
#define atomic_inc(v) atomic_add(1, v)
#define atomic_dec(v) atomic_sub(1, v)
//加减
static inline void atomic_add(int i, atomic_t *v)
static inline void atomic_sub(int i, atomic_t *v)
//测试
#define atomic_inc_and_test(v) (atomic_add_return(1, v) == 0) //自增后是否为0
#define atomic_dec_and_test(v) (atomic_sub_return(1, v) == 0) //自减后是否为0
#define atomic_inc_return(v) (atomic_add_return(1, v)) //自增后返回值
#define atomic_dec_return(v) (atomic_sub_return(1, v)) //自减后返回值
模拟互斥操作
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static int data = 1;
module_param(data, int, 0644); //声明模块参数
dev_t devid;
struct cdev char_dev;
struct class * char_class;
int buffer_size = 100;
char * char_data;
static atomic_t data_lock;
static int open(struct inode * node, struct file * fl){
return 0;
}
static long ioctl(struct file * fl, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){
return 0;
}
static ssize_t read(struct file * fl, char __user * buf, size_t len, loff_t * offset){
int ret = 0,copy_len,data_len;
if(!atomic_dec_and_test(&data_lock)){
atomic_inc(&data_lock);
return 0;
}
data_len = strlen(char_data)+1;
if(fl->f_pos + len > data_len)
copy_len = data_len - fl->f_pos; //超过长度,复制剩余部分
else
copy_len = len; //没超过
ret = copy_to_user(buf,char_data+fl->f_pos,copy_len);
ret = copy_len - ret;
*offset += ret; //移动文件指针
atomic_inc(&data_lock);
return ret;
}
static ssize_t write(struct file * fl, const char __user * buf, size_t len, loff_t * offset){
int ret = 0,copy_len,data_len = buffer_size;
if(!atomic_dec_and_test(&data_lock)){
atomic_inc(&data_lock);
return 0;
}
if(fl->f_pos + len > data_len)
copy_len = data_len - fl->f_pos; //超过长度,复制剩余部分
else
copy_len = len; //没超过
ret = copy_from_user(char_data+fl->f_pos,buf,copy_len);
ret = copy_len - ret;
*offset += ret; //移动文件指针
atomic_inc(&data_lock);
return ret;
}
struct file_operations my_opts = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = open,
.read = read,
.write = write,
.unlocked_ioctl = ioctl
};
static int __init char_init(void){
int ret = 0;
devid = MKDEV(241, 1); //换算设备号
ret = register_chrdev_region(devid, 1, "char_test");//注册设备,在/proc/drivers下面可以看到
if (ret < 0)
goto err0;
cdev_init(&char_dev,&my_opts); //绑定opt结构体
char_dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
ret = cdev_add(&char_dev,devid,1); //注册字符设备驱动
if (ret < 0)
goto err1;
char_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"char_test"); //在/sys/class中创建文件夹
device_create(char_class,NULL,devid,NULL,"char_test_dev_%d",1);//在上一步文件夹中创建char_test_dev_1
char_data = kzalloc(buffer_size,GFP_KERNEL);
atomic_set(&data_lock,1);
printk("char init\n");
return 0;
err1:
unregister_chrdev_region(devid, 1);
err0:
return ret;
}
static void __exit char_exit(void){
kfree(char_data);
unregister_chrdev_region(devid, 1);
cdev_del(&char_dev);
device_destroy(char_class,devid);
class_destroy(char_class);
printk("char exit\n");
}
module_init(char_init);
module_exit(char_exit);