最新版！快速掌握JDK17 + springboot3 + springcloud Alibaba : 1、微服务环境搭建

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已于 2023-10-13 22:38:01 修改

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分类专栏： springcloud Alibaba spring Cloud 文章标签：微服务 java spring boot

于 2023-10-09 22:27:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16089135/article/details/133718814

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最新版！快速掌握JDK17 + springboot3 + springcloud Alibaba 专栏
2、服务治理 Nacos Discovery
3、远程调用负载均衡 Ribbon
4、远程调用Feign
5、服务熔断降级 Sentinel

源码

1 一些说明

为了方便讲解SpringCloud课程，我们以最常见的电商项目2个核心模块：商品模块、订单模块为例子，一一讲解SpringCloud组件的使用。

学习SpringCloud组件要诀：

1>能解决啥问题

2>怎么解决(理解原理)

3>API调用(代码怎么写)–建议写3遍–【1遍抄全，2遍思考，3遍掌握】

4>总结，开口表述

5>类比以前代码结构

微服务-----完整项目按功能分类拆分成n个子项目/子模块，这些子模块能对外提供对应的功能。我们称这些服务为微服务

落地到代码：单看子项目，每个子项目就是一个完整项目(springmvc项目)----记住没啥高大上的

商品微服务

对外提供查询商品列表接口
对外提供查询某个商品信息接口

订单微服务

对外提供创建订单接口

服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。以下单为例子：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

在这里插入图片描述

一般把调用方称为服务消费者，把被调用方称为服务提供者。

上例中，订单微服务就是服务消费者，而商品微服务是服务提供者。

2 技术选型

JDK17

持久层: MyBatis-Plus

数据库: MySQL5.7

其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

服务注册与发现：Nacos 
分布式事务：Seata
网关：Spring Cloud Gateway
服务调用：OpenFeign
鉴权：Spring Authorization Server 、Oauth2.1
消息队列：rocketmq
限流、熔断：sentinel
链路追踪：Micrometer Tracing
接口文档：knife4j

3 模块设计

— shop-parent 父工程

— shop-product-api 商品微服务api 【存放商品实体】

— shop-product-server 商品微服务【端口:808x】

— shop-order-api 订单微服务api 【存放订单实体】

— shop-order-server 订单微服务【端口:809x】

在这里插入图片描述

shop-product-server：子项目-商品微服务，对外提供查询商品信息的接口

shop-order-server：子项目-订单微服务，对外提供创建订单的接口

shop-product-api / shop-order-api : 各自微服务依赖的实体类，为啥要拆开？答案是：解耦

4 版本说明

https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/版本说明
在这里插入图片描述

5 创建父工程

创建 shop-parent 一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>shop</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>shop-parent</name>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>shop-product-api</module>
        <module>shop-product-server</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>2022.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2022.0.0.0-RC2</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

6 创建商品微服务

6.1 创建shop-product-api项目，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>shop</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-product-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

6.2 创建实体类

package com.example.domain;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

import java.io.Serializable;

//商品
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@TableName("t_product")
public class Product implements Serializable {
    //主键
    @TableId(type= IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    //商品名称
    private String name;
    //商品价格
    private Double price;
    //库存
    private Integer stock;
}

6.3 创建shop-product-server项目，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>shop</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-product-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.32</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-product-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

6.4 编写配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: product-service
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shop-product?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: aaaaaa

6.5 在数据库中创建shop-product的数据库

CREATE TABLE `t_product` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `price` double(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品价格',
  `stock` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '库存',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;

INSERT INTO t_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO t_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO t_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO t_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

6.6 创建ProductMapper

package com.example.server.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.example.domain.Product;

public interface ProductMapper extends BaseMapper<Product> {
}

6.7 创建ProductService接口和实现类

package com.example.server.service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.example.domain.Product;

public interface ProductService extends IService<Product> {
}

package com.example.server.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.example.domain.Product;
import com.example.server.mapper.ProductMapper;
import com.example.server.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
@Transactional
public class ProductServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<ProductMapper, Product> implements ProductService {
}

6.8 创建Controller

package com.example.server.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
import com.example.domain.Product;
import com.example.server.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    //商品信息查询
    @RequestMapping("/products/{pid}")
    public Product findByPid(@PathVariable("pid") Long pid) {
        log.info("接下来要进行{}号商品信息的查询", pid);
        Product product = productService.getById(pid);
        log.info("商品信息查询成功,内容为{}", JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }
}

6.9 编写启动类ProductServer.java

package com.example.server;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.example.server.mapper")
public class ShopProductServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopProductServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

6.10 通过浏览器访问服务

在这里插入图片描述

7 创建订单微服务

7.1 创建shop-order-api项目，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>shop</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-order-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

7.2 创建实体类

package com.example.domain;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.ToString;

import java.io.Serializable;

//订单
@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@TableName("t_order")
public class Order implements Serializable {
    //订单id
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    //用户id
    private Long uid;
    //用户名
    private String username;
    //商品id
    private Long pid;
    //商品名称
    private String productName;
    //商品单价
    private Double productPrice;
    //购买数量
    private Integer number;
}

7.3 创建shop-order-server项目，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>shop</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-order-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.32</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-order-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

7.4 编写配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: order-service
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shop-order?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: aaaaaa

7.5 在数据库中创建shop-order的数据库

CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
  `uid` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `username` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
  `pid` bigint DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品id',
  `product_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `product_price` double(255,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品单价',
  `number` int DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;

7.6 创建OrderMapper

package com.example.server.mapper;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.example.domain.Order;

public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<Order> {
}

7.7 创建OrderService接口和实现类

package com.example.server.service;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
import com.example.domain.Order;

public interface OrderService extends IService<Order> {
    Order createOrder(Long pid, Long uid);
}

package com.example.server.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.example.domain.Order;
import com.example.server.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long pid, Long uid) {
        return null;
    }
}

7.8 创建Controller

package com.example.server.controller;

import com.example.domain.Order;
import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("orders")
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
    @PostMapping("/save")  
    public Order order(Long pid, Long uid){
        return orderService.createOrder(pid, uid);
    }
}

7.9 编写启动类OrderServer.java

package com.example.server;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.example.server.mapper")
public class ShopOrderServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

8 服务间如何进行远程调用

现在存在一个问题，order-server服务创建订单操作需要配置商品信息，此时怎么办？

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements IOrderService {
    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long pid, Long uid) {
        Order order = new Order();
        //商品？？
        Product product = null;
        order.setPid(pid);
        order.setProductName(product.getName());
        order.setProductPrice(product.getPrice());

        //用户
        order.setUid(1L);
        order.setUsername("dafei");
        order.setNumber(1);
        super.save(order);
        return order;
    }
}

思考，谁能提供商品信息查询逻辑呢？

答案：product-server，.

问题来了，怎么调用？这里引入一个新问题：服务与服务间如何调用(交互)？
在这里插入图片描述

问题来了，怎么用java代码调用发起http接口调用嗯？

答案是：RestTemplate

RestTempate 是SpringMVC提供专门用于访问http请求的工具类

8.1 在shop-order-server项目启动类上添加RestTemplate的bean配置

package com.example.server;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.example.server.mapper")
public class ShopOrderServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderServerApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

8.2 在OrderServiceImpl中注入RestTemplate并实现远程调用

package com.example.server.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.example.domain.Order;
import com.example.domain.Product;
import com.example.server.mapper.OrderMapper;
import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<OrderMapper, Order> implements OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Override
    public Order createOrder(Long pid, Long uid) {
        Order order = new Order();
        //商品
        //方案1：通过restTemplate方式
        String url  = "http://localhost:8081/products/" + pid;
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Product.class);

        order.setPid(pid);
        order.setProductName(product.getName());
        order.setProductPrice(product.getPrice());

        //用户
        order.setUid(uid);
        order.setUsername("张三");
        order.setNumber(1);
        System.out.println(order);
        super.save(order);
        return order;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

上面操作确实完成的服务间调用问题，但是代码很不优雅，存在着一定小瑕疵，比如：ip，端口变了呢？

一旦服务提供者(商品服务)地址变化，就需要手工修改代码
一旦是多个服务(商品服务)提供者，无法实现负载均衡功能
一旦服务变得越来越多，人工维护调用关系困难

那怎么办呢，这时候得引入SpringCloud Alibaba第一个组件：

**组件：**注册中心–Nacos

功能：动态的实现服务治理。

云上凯歌

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最新版！快速掌握JDK17 + springboot3 + springcloud Alibaba : 1、微服务环境搭建

以电商项目为线索，快速掌握 JDK17 + springboot3 + springcloud Alibaba。
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