numpy.random函数的一些用法

参考博客

numpy.random.rand()

numpy.random.rand(d0, d1, …, dn)

• rand函数根据给定维度生成[0,1)之间的数据，包含0，不包含1

• dn表示每个维度

• 返回值为指定维度的array

输入

1	np.random.rand(4, 2) # 生成4行两列0-1之间的随机数

输出

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array([[ 0.2639652 , 0.67762924], [ 0.50164586, 0.73739781], [ 0.18457953, 0.85558988], [ 0.16193526, 0.83935579]])

输入

1	np.random.rand(4, 3, 2) # shape为[4, 3, 2]

输出

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array([[[ 0.49636822, 0.89954378], [ 0.5711387 , 0.41691163], [ 0.05681485, 0.88512829]], [[ 0.88798283, 0.96294557], [ 0.91100035, 0.28982022], [ 0.90098484, 0.85539872]], [[ 0.99124126, 0.87069271], [ 0.82365864, 0.33025856], [ 0.8874623 , 0.22067393]], [[ 0.62666929, 0.71956291], [ 0.81974729, 0.46510244], [ 0.03494486, 0.11045034]]])

numpy.random.randn()

numpy.random.randn(d0,d1,…,dn)

• randn函数返回一个或一组样本，具有标准正态分布.

• dn表示每个维度

• 返回值为指定维度的array

标准正态分布是以0为均值，1为标准差的正态分布，记为N(0, 1)。

1	np.random.randn(4, 2)

1	-0.599153380810341

1	np.random.randn(4, 2)

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array([[-0.83173279, -0.06084999], [ 0.30143042, -0.63863605], [-0.45491282, 0.72084355], [-0.86603523, 1.14210338]])

1	np.random.randn(4, 3, 2)

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array([[[ 0.62674807, -0.40911062], [-0.65785551, 0.85653665], [-0.55250578, 1.15478597]], [[-1.39797824, 1.36343765], [-0.35807181, 2.08002524], [-0.16746821, 1.89978231]], [[-0.89490747, -0.49563846], [ 0.36720155, -0.30631295], [ 0.43208381, 1.04328295]], [[-0.65629808, 0.501748 ], [ 0.30889304, -0.52872014], [ 0.04584062, -0.05242994]]])

numpy.random.randint()

numpy.random.randint(low, high=None, size=None, dtype=’l’)

• 返回随机整数，范围区间为[low,high），包含low，不包含high

• 参数：low为最小值，high为最大值，size为数组维度大小，dtype为数据类型，默认的数据类型是np.int

• high没有填写时，默认生成随机数的范围是[0，low)

1	np.random.randint(1, size=5)

1	array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

1	np.random.randint(1, 5)

1

2

1	np.random.randint(-5, 5, size=[2,2])

1 2	array([[ 1, 0], [-3, 2]])

numpy.random.random_integers

numpy.random.random_integers(low, high=None, size=None)

• 返回随机整数，范围区间为[low,high]，包含low和high

• 参数：low为最小值，high为最大值，size为数组维度大小

• high没有填写时，默认生成随机数的范围是[1，low]

1	np.random.random_integers(5, size=5)

1	array([5, 4, 2, 3, 1])

生成[0,1)之间的浮点数

• numpy.random.random_sample(size=None)

• numpy.random.random(size=None)

• numpy.random.ranf(size=None)

• numpy.random.sample(size=None)

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print('-----------random_sample--------------') print(np.random.random_sample(size=(2,2))) print('-----------random--------------') print(np.random.random(size=(2,2))) print('-----------ranf--------------') print(np.random.ranf(size=(2,2))) print('-----------sample--------------') print(np.random.sample(size=(2,2)))

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-----------random_sample-------------- [[ 0.19678647 0.64750281] [ 0.70380805 0.18626702]] -----------random-------------- [[ 0.05688147 0.57224742] [ 0.5821726 0.8344959 ]] -----------ranf-------------- [[ 0.57307708 0.08199258] [ 0.50676558 0.79959829]] -----------sample-------------- [[ 2.25676224e-04 8.76885950e-01] [ 7.52204914e-01 6.43694560e-01]]

numpy.random.choice()

numpy.random.choice(a, size=None, replace=True, p=None)

• 从给定的一维数组中生成随机数

• 参数： a为一维数组类似数据或整数；size为数组维度；p为数组中的数据出现的概率

• a为整数时，对应的一维数组为np.arange(a)

1	np.random.choice(5, 3)

1	array([4, 4, 2])

1 2 3

np.random.choice(5, 3, replace=False) # replace为False时，生成的数不能有重复的

1	array([0, 3, 1])

1	np.random.choice(4, 4, replace=False)

1	array([1, 0, 2, 3])

1 2 3 4

np.random.choice(4, size=(3, 2)) array([[2, 1], [2, 3], [1, 1]])

1 2	demo_list = ['lenovo', 'sansumg','moto','xiaomi', 'iphone'] np.random.choice(demo_list,size=(3,3))

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array([['lenovo', 'sansumg', 'lenovo'], ['moto', 'sansumg', 'sansumg'], ['sansumg', 'iphone', 'moto']], dtype='<U7')

1 2 3

# p是指定每个元素的概率，概率和应为1，且数据个数与a应该相同 demo_list = ['lenovo', 'sansumg','moto','xiaomi', 'iphone'] np.random.choice(demo_list,size=(3,3), p=[0.1,0.6,0.1,0.1,0.1])

1 2 3 4

array([['sansumg', 'sansumg', 'iphone'], ['sansumg', 'sansumg', 'xiaomi'], ['sansumg', 'sansumg', 'sansumg']], dtype='<U7')

numpy.random.seed()

• np.random.seed()的作用：使得随机数据可预测。

• 当我们设置相同的seed，每次生成的随机数相同。如果不设置seed，则每次会生成不同的随机数

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for i in range(10): np.random.seed(2) print(np.random.rand(5)) print(np.random.rand(5)) print(np.random.rand(5)) print(np.random.rand(5)) print()

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[ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548] [ 0.4359949 0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ] [ 0.33033482 0.20464863 0.61927097 0.29965467 0.26682728] [ 0.62113383 0.52914209 0.13457995 0.51357812 0.18443987] [ 0.78533515 0.85397529 0.49423684 0.84656149 0.07964548]