Android广播机制基础

一、广播做什么

广播用于进行系统级别的消息通知。

二、接受广播

动态注册监听（两个变量）:
1.IntentFilter
2.自定义的Recevier的子类
3.注册receiver，注销receiver
例如：动态监听网络变化：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
    //为intentFilter添加Action（该Action监听网络变化）
    intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
    networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
    registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
}
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    Toast.makeText(context, "network changes",
    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}

静态注册监听（APP启动时，就进行监听了）：
1.在AndroidManifest.xml中进行注册receiver
例如监听开机启动事件：

//Receiver类，当监听到开机事件时，出发onReceive方法
public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}

注册：
<receiver android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"></action>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

由于监听开机启动事件，所以app要获得开机自启权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

三、发送广播（接受者都采用静态注册）

1.发送标准广播：

//定义Intent，并设置action
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.
MY_BROADCAST");
//发送广播
sendBroadcast(intent);

2.有序广播：

Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.
MY_BROADCAST");
//有序广播和标准广播的代码区别
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
}

三、本地广播（动态监听）
只有本进程才能接受，其他广播可以进行跨进程接受。

1.三个变量：
    IntenFilter，LocalBroadcastManager,自定义的Receiver子类。
使用方法：

 intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.fzd.LocalReceive");
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.fzd.LocalReceive");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);