23种设计模式之装饰者模式

定义

装饰者模式(Decorator Pattern)是指在不改变原有对象的基础之上,将功能附加到对象上,提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案(扩展原有对象的功能)属于结构型模式。
适用场景：
1、用于扩展一个类的功能或给一个类添加附加职责。
2、动态的给一个对象添加功能，这些功能可以再动态的撤销。

生活场景

1、煎饼+鸡蛋+香肠+豆皮等等,其中原有对象是煎饼,无论加了什么改变不了煎饼的本质。
2、人+夏天衣服+秋天衣服+冬天西服,其中原有对象是人,不管穿什么都是人。

代码演示

改造前代码

package com.decorator;

/**
 * 煎饼
 */
public class Battercake {

    public String getMsg(){
        return "煎饼";
    }

    public int getPrice(){
        return 5;
    }

}

package com.decorator;

/**
 * 煎饼+鸡蛋
 */
public class BattercakeWithEgg extends Battercake {
    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return super.getMsg()+"+1个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return super.getPrice()+1;
    }
}

package com.decorator;

public class BattercakeWithEggAndSausage extends Battercake {
    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return super.getMsg()+"+1根香肠";
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return super.getPrice()+2;
    }
}

package com.decorator;
public class BattercakeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Battercake battercake = new BaseBattercake();
        System.out.println(battercake.getMsg() + ",总价格：" + battercake.getPrice());

        Battercake battercakeWithEgg = new BattercakeWithEgg();
        System.out.println(battercakeWithEgg.getMsg() + ",总价格：" + battercakeWithEgg.getPrice());

        Battercake battercakeWithEggAndSausage = new BattercakeWithEggAndSausage();
        System.out.println(battercakeWithEggAndSausage.getMsg() + ",总价格：" +
                battercakeWithEggAndSausage.getPrice());
    }
}

执行结果:

存在问题:

目前的程序无法实现个性化的定制,比如买2个煎饼+香肠,最好是可以动态的增加或减少客户的需求。

改造后代码

package com.decorator;

/**
 * 煎饼
 */
public abstract class Battercake {

    public abstract String getMsg();

    public abstract int getPrice();

}

package com.decorator;

public class BaseBattercake extends Battercake {
    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return "煎饼";
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return 5;
    }
}

package com.decorator;

public class BattercakeDecorator extends Battercake {

    private Battercake battercake;

    public BattercakeDecorator(Battercake battercake){
        this.battercake = battercake;
    }

    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return battercake.getMsg();
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return battercake.getPrice();
    }
}

package com.decorator;
public class EggDecorator extends BattercakeDecorator {

    public EggDecorator(Battercake battercake){
        super(battercake);
    }

    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return super.getMsg()+"+1个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return super.getPrice() + 1;
    }
}

package com.decorator;

public class SausageDecorator extends BattercakeDecorator {

    public SausageDecorator(Battercake battercake){
        super(battercake);
    }

    @Override
    public String getMsg() {
        return super.getMsg() + "+1 根香肠";
    }

    @Override
    public int getPrice() {
        return super.getPrice() + 2;
    }
}

package com.decorator;

public class BattercakeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Battercake battercake;
        battercake = new BaseBattercake();
        battercake = new EggDecorator(battercake);
        battercake = new EggDecorator(battercake);
        battercake = new SausageDecorator(battercake);
        System.out.println(battercake.getMsg()+",总价:"+battercake.getPrice());
    }
}

执行结果:

改造后的代码可以灵活定制加几个鸡蛋从测试代码就能看出来,更灵活的实现了原有功能的扩展。

贴上类图: