官网地址:http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/tuning.html
1. 内存分类
spark内存的使用分为两类:execution 和 storage。
execution:computation in shuffles, joins, sorts and aggregations.
storage:caching and propagating internal data.
2. 内存资源管理(新、旧版本)
在org.apache.spark.SparkEnv类中有如下代码:
val useLegacyMemoryManager = conf.getBoolean("spark.memory.useLegacyMode", false)
val memoryManager: MemoryManager =
if (useLegacyMemoryManager) {
new StaticMemoryManager(conf, numUsableCores)
} else {
UnifiedMemoryManager(conf, numUsableCores)
}
spark的configuration页面有如下解释:
可以看出,Spark1.5及之前的版本使用的是静态内存管理,1.5版本过后就默认使用的是统一内存资源管理。
2.1 静态资源管理(StaticMemoryManager)
execution 和 storage的内存是单独的。
private[spark] object StaticMemoryManager {
private val MIN_MEMORY_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024
/**
* Return the total amount of memory available for the storage region, in bytes.
*/
private def getMaxStorageMemory(conf: SparkConf): Long = {
val systemMaxMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.memory", Runtime.getRuntime.maxMemory)
val memoryFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.storage.memoryFraction", 0.6)
val safetyFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.storage.safetyFraction", 0.9)
(systemMaxMemory * memoryFraction * safetyFraction).toLong
}
/**
* Return the total amount of memory available for the execution region, in bytes.
*/
private def getMaxExecutionMemory(conf: SparkConf): Long = {
val systemMaxMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.memory", Runtime.getRuntime.maxMemory)
if (systemMaxMemory < MIN_MEMORY_BYTES) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"System memory $systemMaxMemory must " +
s"be at least $MIN_MEMORY_BYTES. Please increase heap size using the --driver-memory " +
s"option or spark.driver.memory in Spark configuration.")
}
if (conf.contains("spark.executor.memory")) {
val executorMemory = conf.getSizeAsBytes("spark.executor.memory")
if (executorMemory < MIN_MEMORY_BYTES) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Executor memory $executorMemory must be at least " +
s"$MIN_MEMORY_BYTES. Please increase executor memory using the " +
s"--executor-memory option or spark.executor.memory in Spark configuration.")
}
}
val memoryFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.shuffle.memoryFraction", 0.2)
val safetyFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.shuffle.safetyFraction", 0.8)
(systemMaxMemory * memoryFraction * safetyFraction).toLong
}
}
假如设置内存大小为1000M,那么,
getMaxExecutionMemory:1000M * 0.2 * 0.8 = 160M
getMaxStorageMemory:1000M * 0.6 * 0.9 = 540M
2.2 统一资源管理(UnifiedMemoryManager)
execution 和 storage的内存是共用的 --> “借”
object UnifiedMemoryManager {
// Set aside a fixed amount of memory for non-storage, non-execution purposes.
// This serves a function similar to `spark.memory.fraction`, but guarantees that we reserve
// sufficient memory for the system even for small heaps. E.g. if we have a 1GB JVM, then
// the memory used for execution and storage will be (1024 - 300) * 0.6 = 434MB by default.
private val RESERVED_SYSTEM_MEMORY_BYTES = 300 * 1024 * 1024
def apply(conf: SparkConf, numCores: Int): UnifiedMemoryManager = {
val maxMemory = getMaxMemory(conf)
new UnifiedMemoryManager(
conf,
maxHeapMemory = maxMemory,
onHeapStorageRegionSize =
(maxMemory * conf.getDouble("spark.memory.storageFraction", 0.5)).toLong,
numCores = numCores)
}
/**
* Return the total amount of memory shared between execution and storage, in bytes.
*/
private def getMaxMemory(conf: SparkConf): Long = {
val systemMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.memory", Runtime.getRuntime.maxMemory)
val reservedMemory = conf.getLong("spark.testing.reservedMemory",
if (conf.contains("spark.testing")) 0 else RESERVED_SYSTEM_MEMORY_BYTES)
val minSystemMemory = (reservedMemory * 1.5).ceil.toLong
if (systemMemory < minSystemMemory) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"System memory $systemMemory must " +
s"be at least $minSystemMemory. Please increase heap size using the --driver-memory " +
s"option or spark.driver.memory in Spark configuration.")
}
// SPARK-12759 Check executor memory to fail fast if memory is insufficient
if (conf.contains("spark.executor.memory")) {
val executorMemory = conf.getSizeAsBytes("spark.executor.memory")
if (executorMemory < minSystemMemory) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"Executor memory $executorMemory must be at least " +
s"$minSystemMemory. Please increase executor memory using the " +
s"--executor-memory option or spark.executor.memory in Spark configuration.")
}
}
val usableMemory = systemMemory - reservedMemory
val memoryFraction = conf.getDouble("spark.memory.fraction", 0.6)
(usableMemory * memoryFraction).toLong
}
}
假如,systemMemory = 1000M,
而 reservedMemory = 300M (固定内存,总内存越大,这300M就越可以忽略不计)
则 usableMemory = (1000M - 300M) * 0.6 = 420M
那么,
getMaxExecutionMemory:420M * 0.5 = 210M
getMaxStorageMemory:420M * 0.5 = 210M
Execution 和 Storage 可以相互借用内存,但是 Execution 内存更强势。