Springcloud服务注册与发现

Springcloud服务注册与发现

1.服务注册与发现的相关概念

在一个web项目运行中，会产生很多请求，每种请求理解为一种服务，那么就会有很多服务，这些服务可以理解为服务消费者。既然有消费者当然也有提供者，这些处理请求的容器可以理解为服务消费提供者。有了消费者和提供者那么肯定有一个管理它们的地点，这个地点就是消息中心，当一个服务消费提供者生成时，它就会去消息中心自动注册，消息中心就会给它一个名字（同种服务，同种名字，名字必须大写否则负载均衡不起作用，还不能有“_”），这一过程可以理解为服务注册，同时它还会发送“心跳”给消息中心，这一动作可以保证服务消费提供者的健康。而服务消费者也需要去注册，不同得是服务消费者是带着消费提供者的名字去的，消息中心通过名字去负载均衡调度最合适的容器给它，这一过程可以理解为服务发现。

2.消息中心的搭建

maven依赖：
            <!-- 继承springboot -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <!-- 导入springcloud服务端 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <!-- 导入eureka服务端依赖 -->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
Java代码：
        package cn.zyp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;


@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

Application.properties配置文件：
server.port=8761
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

配置完后启动，访问localhost:8761即可出现管理页面

3. 服务注册（以邮箱发送服务为例）

Maven 依赖：
<!--继承springboot-->
<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

<!-- 导入springcloud服务端 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <!-- 导入eureka客户端依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
启动类代码：
    package cn.zyp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}
Controller层代码：
package cn.zyp;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


@RestController
public class MainController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate rtl;


    @PostMapping("/mailsend")
    public String sendmail(String to,String subject,String text){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("to", to);
        map.put("subject", subject);
        map.put("text", text);
        //将map集合保存为请求体
        HttpHeaders hh =new HttpHeaders();
        hh.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        hh.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        HttpEntity<Map<String,Object>> request = new HttpEntity<Map<String,Object>>(map, hh);
        //调用email服务
        String controller ="/send";
        //通过注册中心客户端负载均衡 获取一台主机来调用
        String res=rtl.postForObject("http://EMAIL/"+controller,request,String.class);
        return res;
    }
}

application.properties：
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
spring.mail.host= smtp.163.com
spring.mail.password=你的授权码
spring.mail.port= 25
spring.mail.username=当前用户账号
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring.application.name=注册名
server.port=端口

4.服务发现（以邮箱发送服务为例）

    Maven依赖：
<!--继承springboot-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <!-- 导入springcloud服务端 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- ribbo依赖jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 导入eureka客户端依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
启动类：
    package cn.zyp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**  
 * @EnableDiscoveryClient 将当前服务注册到Eureka服务器  
 * @EnableEurekaClient继承@EnableDiscoveryClient 作用相同不要纠结  
 *有 @EnableEurekaClient可以不用@EnableDiscoveryClient
 *有@SpringBootApplication可以不用@Configuration
 */  
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
/**
 * 表示当前服务需要的服务的名称
 *
 */
@RibbonClient(value="email")
public class Main {
    //启动负载均衡
    @LoadBalanced    
    @Bean
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

Controller层主要代码：
package cn.zyp;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


@RestController
public class MainController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate rtl;


    @PostMapping("/mailsend")
    public String sendmail(String to,String subject,String text){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("to", to);
        map.put("subject", subject);
        map.put("text", text);
        //将map集合保存为请求体
        HttpHeaders hh =new HttpHeaders();
        hh.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        hh.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
        HttpEntity<Map<String,Object>> request = new HttpEntity<Map<String,Object>>(map, hh);
        //调用email服务
        String controller ="/send";
        //通过注册中心客户端负载均衡 获取一台主机来调用
        String res=rtl.postForObject("http://EMAIL/"+controller,request,String.class);
        return res;
    }
}
application.properties:
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring.application.name=服务名
server.port=端口

5.fegin服务发现（以邮箱发送服务为例）

Mave依赖：
<!-- 继承springboot -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <!-- 导入springcloud服务端 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- fegin依赖jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 导入eureka客户端依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
接口代码：
package cn.zyp;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;


/**
 * 用来声明服务名称
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@FeignClient("EMAIL")
public interface ISendMail {

    /**
     * @RequestBody用来解析请求体
     * @param map
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/send")
    public String send(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map);
}
控制层代码：
package cn.zyp;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;


@Controller
public class MainController {
    @Autowired
    private ISendMail sm;
    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/sendemail")
    public String sendmail(String to,String subject,String text){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("to", to);
        map.put("subject", subject);
        map.put("text", text);
        String res=sm.send(map);
        return res;
    }
}
启动类代码：
package cn.zyp;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;


/**  
 * @EnableDiscoveryClient 将当前服务注册到Eureka服务器  
 * @EnableEurekaClient继承@EnableDiscoveryClient 作用相同不要纠结  
 *有 @EnableEurekaClient可以不用@EnableDiscoveryClient
 *有@SpringBootApplication可以不用@Configuration
 */  
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}
配置文件：
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://admin:zyp@localhost:8761/eureka/
spring.application.name=SENDEMAIL
server.port=8888
EMAIL.ribbon.NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName=com.netflix.loadbalancer.ZoneAvoidanceRule