- What: 保证一个类仅有一个实例,并提供一个访问它的全局变量
- where: 登陆界面;遮罩层;线程池;全局缓存
- when:
- who:
- why: 避免dom类的返回重绘和多余;避免频繁创建和销毁实例,减少内存占用;不适用动态扩展对象,或需创建多个相似对象的场景
- how: 首推惰性单例
eq1: 全局变量是否是单例:
全局变量符合单例的定义,但是存在致命缺点(1. 被覆盖; 2. 污染全局;)
简单版本实现
var Singleton = function (name) {
this.name = name;
}
Singleton.instance = null;
Singleton.prototype.getName = function() {
console.log(this.name);
}
Singleton.getInstance = function(name) {
// 此处this为 Singleton
if (!this.instance) {
this.instance = new Singleton(name);
}
return this.instance;
}
var a = Singleton.getInstance('tom');
var b = Singleton.getInstance('jum');
console.log(a === b);
代理单例实现
var CreateDiv = (function(){
var instance;
var CreateDiv = function(html) {
if (instance) {
return instance;
}
this.html = html;
this.init();
return instance = this;
}
CreateDiv.prototype.init = function() {
// var div = document.createElement('div');
// div.innerHTML = this.html;
// document.body.appendChild(div);
console.log('createElement div', this.html);
}
return CreateDiv;
})();
var a = new CreateDiv('tom');
var b = new CreateDiv('jum');
console.log(a === b);
惰性单例
当需要使用时创建,主要需要抽出一个构造单例的函数
var getSingle = function(fn) {
var result;
return function() {
return result || (result = fn.apply(this, arguments) || true);
}
};
var createLayer = function() {
console.log('createSingleLayer');
};
var createLoginLayer = function() {
console.log('createSingleLoginLayer');
};
var createSingleLayer = getSingle(createLayer);
var createSingleLoginLayer = getSingle(createLoginLayer);
// 需要时调用
createSingleLayer();
createSingleLayer();
createSingleLoginLayer();
createSingleLoginLayer();