corrplot()
介绍
该函数实现了对correlation矩阵和置信区间的图示化。并且它也可以对一般的矩阵实现可视化只需要设置is.corr = FALSE.
用法
corrplot(
corr,
method = c("circle", "square", "ellipse", "number", "shade", "color", "pie"),
type = c("full", "lower", "upper"),
add = FALSE,
col = NULL,
col.lim = NULL,
bg = "white",
title = "",
is.corr = TRUE,
diag = TRUE,
outline = FALSE,
mar = c(0, 0, 0, 0),
addgrid.col = NULL,
addCoef.col = NULL,
addCoefasPercent = FALSE,
order = c("original", "AOE", "FPC", "hclust", "alphabet"),
hclust.method = c("complete", "ward", "ward.D", "ward.D2", "single", "average",
"mcquitty", "median", "centroid"),
addrect = NULL,
rect.col = "black",
rect.lwd = 2,
tl.pos = NULL,
tl.cex = 1,
tl.col = "red",
tl.offset = 0.4,
tl.srt = 90,
cl.pos = NULL,
cl.length = NULL,
cl.cex = 0.8,
cl.ratio = 0.15,
cl.align.text = "c",
cl.offset = 0.5,
number.cex = 1,
number.font = 2,
number.digits = NULL,
addshade = c("negative", "positive", "all"),
shade.lwd = 1,
shade.col = "white",
p.mat = NULL,
sig.level = 0.05,
insig = c("pch", "p-value", "blank", "n", "label_sig"),
pch = 4,
pch.col = "black",
pch.cex = 3,
plotCI = c("n", "square", "circle", "rect"),
lowCI.mat = NULL,
uppCI.mat = NULL,
na.label = "?",
na.label.col = "black",
win.asp = 1,
...
)
参数介绍：
-
corr ：
用于可视化的相关系数矩阵，必须是方阵。对于一般的矩阵需要使用is.corr = FALSE. -
method :
字符。用于实现相关系数矩阵的方法。目前，支持的方法有 ‘circle’ (default), ‘square’, ‘ellipse’, ‘number’, ‘pie’, ‘shade’ and ‘color’. 其中，圆和正方形的面积表示相关系数绝对值的大小。 -
type ：
字符。 ‘full’ (default), ‘upper’ 或者’lower’, 将展示出全矩阵，下三角矩阵或者上三角矩阵。 -
add ：
逻辑值。如果是 TRUE, 该图形将添加到已存在的作图系统里。 -
col:
向量。表示字符的颜色。如果为NULL，col将会是colorRampPalette(col2)(200). -
col.lim ：
限制进行分配颜色的区间 (x1, x2)。当is.corr是TRUE时，col.lim=ULL表示 col.lim=c(-1, 1) ； 当当is.corr是FALSE时, col.lim=NUL表示col.lim=c(min(corr), max(corr)) .
注意：当is.corr=TRUE时，尽管我们对col.lim进行赋值，色标的分配依然是在[-1, 1]中, 它只会影响色标标注的显示. -
bg ：
背景色 -
title ：
字符。图形的标题。 -
is.corr ：
-
逻辑值。 当输入的是相关系数矩阵赋值为TRUE,一般矩阵赋值为FALSE.
-
diag :
逻辑值。是否显示对角线上的相关系数。 -
outline :
逻辑值或者字符。表示是否作出circles, square 和ellipse的轮廓线, 或者这些字符的颜色。对于pie, 这表示pie的颜色轮廓。如果outline=TRUE, 表示默认值为black. -
mar ：和参数par类似。
-
addgrid.col ：
网格的颜色。如果是NA, 则不添加grid. 如果是NULL， 表示选择了默认值。而默认值是依赖于method的，如果method是 color或者shade, 网格的颜色是NA，也即不作出网格线。 -
addCoef.col ：
将图形中的相关系数数字添加颜色。如果是NULL (default), 表示不显示数字。 -
addCoefasPercent :
逻辑值。表示是否将系数转化为百分比的形式。 -
order：
字符。对相关系数矩阵的排序方式。
取值有：- ‘original’ for original order (default).
- ‘AOE’ for the angular order of the eigenvectors.
- ‘FPC’ for the first principal component order.
- ‘hclust’ for the hierarchical clustering order.
- ‘alphabet’ for alphabetical order.
See function corrMatOrder for details.
-
hclust.method:
字符, 如果order=“hclust”，就表示聚类的方法，可选的有 ‘ward’, ‘ward.D’, ‘ward.D2’, ‘single’, ‘complete’, ‘average’, ‘mcquitty’, ‘median’ or ‘centroid’. -
addrect:
整数。作出的举行个数，基于的是聚类的等级。只有当order="hclust"时，才有作用。默认值是NULL表示不添加矩形。 -
rect.col ：
矩形边框的颜色，只有当addrect是合适的或者大于1的时候才合法。 -
rect.lwd :
数值。矩形的轮廓线宽，只有当addrect是合适的或者大于1的时候才合法。 -
tl.pos:
字符或者逻辑值。表示labels的位置。如果是字符则必须是 ‘lt’, ‘ld’, ‘td’, ‘d’ or ‘n’. ‘lt’(default if type==‘full’) means left and top, ‘ld’(default if type==‘lower’) means left and diagonal, ‘td’(default if type==‘upper’) means top and diagonal(near), ‘d’ means diagonal, ‘n’ means don’t add text-label. -
tl.cex :
数值，表示文本标注（变量名）的字符大小. -
tl.col:
文本标注的颜色。 -
tl.offset :
数值。用于对文本标注的处理。可见text. -
tl.srt：
数值。表示文本标注字符串旋转的角度，可见text. -
cl.pos:
字符或者逻辑值。表示色标的位置。如果是字符，必须是其中之一’r’ (default if type==‘upper’ or ‘full’), ‘b’ (default if type==‘lower’) or ‘n’, ‘n’ means don’t draw color-legend. -
cl.length:
整数。the number of number-text in color-legend, passed to colorlegend. If NULL, cl.length is length(col) + 1 when length(col) <=20; cl.length is 11 when length(col) > 20 -
cl.cex ：
Numeric, cex of number-label in color-legend, passed to colorlegend. -
cl.ratio :
Numeric, to justify the width of color-legend, 0.1~0.2 is suggested. -
cl.align.text ：
Character, ‘l’, ‘c’ (default) or ‘r’, for number-label in color-legend, ‘l’ means left, ‘c’ means center, and ‘r’ means right. -
cl.offset ：
Numeric, for number-label in color-legend, see text. -
number.cex :
The cex parameter to send to the call to text when writing the correlation coefficients into the plot. -
number.font ：
the font parameter to send to the call to text when writing the correlation coefficients into the plot. -
number.digits ：
indicating the number of decimal digits to be added into the plot. Non-negative integer or NULL, default NULL. -
addshade ：
Character for shade style, ‘negative’, ‘positive’ or ‘all’, only valid when method is ‘shade’. If ‘all’, all correlation coefficients’ glyph will be shaded; if ‘positive’, only the positive will be shaded; if ‘negative’, only the negative will be shaded. Note: the angle of shade line is different, 45 degrees for positive and 135 degrees for negative. -
shade.lwd ：
Numeric, the line width of shade. -
shade.col ：
The color of shade line. -
p.mat ：
Matrix of p-value, if NULL, parameter sig.level, insig, pch, pch.col, pch.cex are invalid. -
sig.level ：
Significant level, if the p-value in p-mat is bigger than sig.level, then the corresponding correlation coefficient is regarded as insignificant. If insig is ‘label_sig’, this may be an increasing vector of significance levels, in which case pch will be used once for the highest p-value interval and multiple times (e.g. ‘’, '’, '’) for each lower p-value interval. -
insig ：
Character, specialized insignificant correlation coefficients, ‘pch’ (default), ‘p-value’, ‘blank’, ‘n’, or ‘label_sig’. If ‘blank’, wipe away the corresponding glyphs; if ‘p-value’, add p-values the corresponding glyphs; if ‘pch’, add characters (see pch for details) on corresponding glyphs; if ‘n’, don’t take any measures; if ‘label_sig’, mark significant correlations with pch (see sig.level). -
pch ：
Add character on the glyphs of insignificant correlation coefficients(only valid when insig is ‘pch’). See par. -
pch.col ：
The color of pch (only valid when insig is ‘pch’). -
pch.cex ：
The cex of pch (only valid when insig is ‘pch’). -
plotCI ：
Character, method of ploting confidence interval. If ‘n’, don’t plot confidence interval. If ‘rect’, plot rectangles whose upper side means upper bound and lower side means lower bound, respectively. If ‘circle’, first plot a circle with the bigger absolute bound, and then plot the smaller. Warning: if the two bounds are the same sign, the smaller circle will be wiped away, thus forming a ring. Method ‘square’ is similar to ‘circle’. -
lowCI.mat
Matrix of the lower bound of confidence interval. -
uppCI.mat
Matrix of the upper bound of confidence interval. -
na.label
Label to be used for rendering NA cells. Default is ‘?’. If ‘square’, then the cell is rendered as a square with the na.label.col color. -
na.label.col
Color used for rendering NA cells. Default is ‘black’. -
win.asp
Aspect ration for the whole plot. Value other than 1 is currently compatible only with methods ‘circle’ and ‘square’. -
…
Additional arguments passing to function text for drawing text label.
实例：
library(corrplot)
data(mtcars)
M = cor(mtcars)
set.seed(0)
## different color series
col0 = colorRampPalette(c('white', 'cyan', '#007FFF', 'blue','#00007F'))
col1 = colorRampPalette(c('#7F0000', 'red', '#FF7F00', 'yellow', 'white',
'cyan', '#007FFF', 'blue','#00007F'))
col2 = colorRampPalette(c('#67001F', '#B2182B', '#D6604D', '#F4A582',
'#FDDBC7', '#FFFFFF', '#D1E5F0', '#92C5DE',
'#4393C3', '#2166AC', '#053061'))
col3 = colorRampPalette(c('red', 'white', 'blue'))
col4 = colorRampPalette(c('#7F0000', 'red', '#FF7F00', 'yellow', '#7FFF7F',
'cyan', '#007FFF', 'blue', '#00007F'))
wb = c('white', 'black')
par(ask = TRUE)
## different color scale and methods to display corr-matrix
corrplot(M, method = 'number', col = 'black', cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, method = 'number')
corrplot(M)
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col1(20), cl.length = 21, addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col1(10), addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col2(200))
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col2(200), addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col2(20), cl.length = 21, addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col2(10), addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col3(100))
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', col = col3(10))
corrplot(M, method = 'color', col = col1(20), cl.length = 21, order = 'AOE',
addCoef.col = 'grey')
corrplot(M, method = 'square', col = col2(200), order = 'AOE')
corrplot(M, method = 'ellipse', col = col1(200), order = 'AOE')
corrplot(M, method = 'shade', col = col3(20), order = 'AOE')
corrplot(M, method = 'pie', order = 'AOE')
## col = wb
corrplot(M, col = wb, order = 'AOE', outline = TRUE, cl.pos = 'n')
## like Chinese wiqi, suit for either on screen or white-black print.
corrplot(M, col = wb, bg = 'gold2', order = 'AOE', cl.pos = 'n')
## mixed methods: It's more efficient if using function 'corrplot.mixed'
## circle + ellipse
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'upper', tl.pos = 'd')
corrplot(M, add = TRUE, type = 'lower', method = 'ellipse', order = 'AOE',
diag = FALSE, tl.pos = 'n', cl.pos = 'n')
## circle + square
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE',type = 'upper', tl.pos = 'd')
corrplot(M, add = TRUE, type = 'lower', method = 'square', order = 'AOE',
diag = FALSE, tl.pos = 'n', cl.pos = 'n')
## circle + colorful number
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'upper', tl.pos = 'd')
corrplot(M, add = TRUE, type = 'lower', method = 'number', order = 'AOE',
diag = FALSE, tl.pos = 'n', cl.pos = 'n')
## circle + black number
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'upper', tl.pos = 'tp')
corrplot(M, add = TRUE, type = 'lower', method = 'number', order = 'AOE',
col = 'black', diag = FALSE, tl.pos = 'n', cl.pos = 'n')
## order is hclust and draw rectangles
corrplot(M, order = 'hclust')
corrplot(M, order = 'hclust', addrect = 2)
corrplot(M, order = 'hclust', addrect = 3, rect.col = 'red')
corrplot(M, order = 'hclust', addrect = 4, rect.col = 'blue')
corrplot(M, order = 'hclust', hclust.method = 'ward.D2', addrect = 4)
## visualize a matrix in [0, 1]
corrplot(abs(M), order = 'AOE', col.lim = c(0,1))
corrplot(abs(M), order = 'AOE', col = col1(20), col.lim = c(0,1))
# when is.corr=TRUE, col.lim only affect the color legend
# If you change it, the color is still assigned on [-1, 1]
corrplot(M/2)
corrplot(M/2, col.lim=c(-0.5,0.5))
# when is.corr=FALSE, col.lim is also used to assign colors
# if the matrix have both positive and negative values
# the matrix transformation keep every values positive and negative
corrplot(M*2, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim=c(-2, 2))
corrplot(M*2, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim=c(-2, 2) * 2)
corrplot(M*2, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim=c(-2, 2) * 4)
## 0.5~0.6
corrplot(abs(M)/10+0.5, col=col0(10))
corrplot(abs(M)/10+0.5, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim=c(0.5,0.6), col=col0(10))
## visualize a matrix in [-100, 100]
ran = round(matrix(runif(225, -100,100), 15))
corrplot(ran, is.corr = FALSE)
corrplot(ran, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim = c(-100, 100))
## visualize a matrix in [100, 300]
ran2 = ran + 200
# bad color
corrplot(ran2, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim = c(100, 300), col=col1(100))
# good color
corrplot(ran2, is.corr = FALSE, col.lim = c(100, 300), col=col0(100))
## text-labels and plot type
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', tl.srt = 45)
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', tl.srt = 60)
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', tl.pos = 'd', cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', diag = FALSE, tl.pos = 'd')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'upper')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'upper', diag = FALSE)
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'lower', cl.pos = 'b')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', type = 'lower', cl.pos = 'b', diag = FALSE)
#### color-legend
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.ratio = 0.2, cl.align = 'l')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.ratio = 0.2, cl.align = 'c')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.ratio = 0.2, cl.align = 'r')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.pos = 'b')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.pos = 'b', tl.pos = 'd')
corrplot(M, order = 'AOE', cl.pos = 'n')
## deal with missing Values
M2 = M
diag(M2) = NA
corrplot(M2)
corrplot(M2, na.label = 'o')
corrplot(M2, na.label = 'NA')
##the input matrix is not square
corrplot(M[1:8,])
corrplot(M[,1:8])
testRes = cor.mtest(mtcars, conf.level = 0.95)
## specialized the insignificant value according to the significant level
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, sig.level = 0.05, order = 'hclust', addrect = 2)
## leave blank on no significant coefficient
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, method = 'circle', type = 'lower', insig='blank',
addCoef.col ='black', number.cex = 0.8, order = 'AOE', diag=FALSE)
## add p-values on no significant coefficients
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, insig = 'p-value')
## add all p-values
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, insig = 'p-value', sig.level = -1)
## add significant level stars
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, method = 'color', diag = FALSE, type = 'upper',
sig.level = c(0.001, 0.01, 0.05), pch.cex = 0.9,
insig = 'label_sig', pch.col = 'grey20', order = 'AOE')
## add significant level stars and cluster rectangles
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, tl.pos = 'd', order = 'hclust', addrect = 2,
insig = 'label_sig', sig.level = c(0.001, 0.01, 0.05), pch.cex = 0.9, pch.col = 'grey20')
# Visualize confidence interval
corrplot(M, lowCI = testRes$lowCI, uppCI = testRes$uppCI, order = 'hclust',
tl.pos = 'd', rect.col = 'navy', plotC = 'rect', cl.pos = 'n')
# Visualize confidence interval and cross the significant coefficients
corrplot(M, p.mat = testRes$p, lowCI = testRes$lowCI, uppCI = testRes$uppCI,
addrect = 3, rect.col = 'navy', plotC = 'rect', cl.pos = 'n')
res1 = cor.mtest(mtcars, conf.level = 0.95)
res2 = cor.mtest(mtcars, conf.level = 0.99)
## plot confidence interval(0.95), 'circle' method
corrplot(M, low = res1$uppCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
plotCI = 'circle', addg = 'grey20', cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, p.mat = res1$p, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
plotCI = 'circle', addg = 'grey20', cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
col = c('white', 'black'), bg = 'gold2', order = 'AOE',
plotCI = 'circle', cl.pos = 'n', pch.col = 'red')
corrplot(M, p.mat = res1$p, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
col = c('white', 'black'), bg = 'gold2', order = 'AOE',
plotCI = 'circle', cl.pos = 'n', pch.col = 'red')
## plot confidence interval(0.95), 'square' method
corrplot(M, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
col = c('white', 'black'), bg = 'gold2', order = 'AOE',
plotCI = 'square', addg = NULL, cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, p.mat = res1$p, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
col = c('white','black'), bg = 'gold2', order = 'AOE', pch.col = 'red',
plotCI = 'square', addg = NULL, cl.pos = 'n')
## plot confidence interval0.95, 0.95, 0.99, 'rect' method
corrplot(M, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI, order = 'hclust',
rect.col = 'navy', plotCI = 'rect',cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, p.mat = res1$p, low = res1$lowCI, upp = res1$uppCI,
order = 'hclust', pch.col = 'red', sig.level = 0.05, addrect = 3,
rect.col = 'navy', plotCI = 'rect', cl.pos = 'n')
corrplot(M, p.mat = res2$p, low = res2$lowCI, upp = res2$uppCI,
order = 'hclust', pch.col = 'red', sig.level = 0.01, addrect = 3,
rect.col = 'navy', plotCI = 'rect', cl.pos = 'n')
## an animation of changing confidence interval in different significance level
## begin.animaton
par(ask = FALSE)
for (i in seq(0.1, 0, -0.005)) {
tmp = cor.mtest(mtcars, conf.level = 1 - i)
corrplot(M, p.mat = tmp$p, low = tmp$lowCI, upp = tmp$uppCI, order = 'hclust',
pch.col = 'red', sig.level = i, plotCI = 'rect', cl.pos = 'n',
mar = c(0, 0, 1, 0),
title = substitute(alpha == x,
list(x = format(i, digits = 3, nsmall = 3))))
Sys.sleep(0.15)
}
## end.animaton
部分结果如下：
corrplot.mixed()
该函数实现了矩阵上下三角阵不同的图形模式
用法
corrplot.mixed(
corr,
lower = "number",
upper = "circle",
tl.pos = c("d", "lt", "n"),
diag = c("n", "l", "u"),
bg = "white",
addgrid.col = "grey",
lower.col = NULL,
upper.col = NULL,
plotCI = c("n", "square", "circle", "rect"),
mar = c(0, 0, 0, 0),
...
)
参数介绍：
-
corr
Matrix, the correlation matrix to visualize. -
lower
Character, the visualization method for the lower triangular correlation matrix. -
upper
Character, the visualization method for the upper triangular correlation matrix. -
tl.pos
Character, ‘lt’, ‘d’ or ‘n’, giving position of text labels, ‘lt’ means left and top, ‘d’ means diagonal. If ‘n’, add no textlabel. -
diag
Character, for specifying the glyph on the principal diagonal. It is one of ‘n’ (default, draw nothing), ‘l’ (draw the glyphs of lower triangular) or ‘u’ (draw the glyphs of upper triangular). -
bg
The background color. -
addgrid.col
See the addgrid.col parameter in the function corrplot -
lower.col
Passed as col parameter to the lower matrix. -
upper.col
Passed as col parameter to the upper matrix. -
plotCI
See the plotCI parameter in the function corrplot -
mar
See par.
实例
M = cor(mtcars)
ord = corrMatOrder(M, order = 'AOE')
M2 = M[ord,ord]
corrplot.mixed(M2)
corrplot.mixed(M2, lower = 'ellipse', upper = 'circle')
corrplot.mixed(M2, lower = 'square', upper = 'circle')
corrplot.mixed(M2, lower = 'shade', upper = 'circle')
corrplot.mixed(M2, tl.pos = 'lt')
corrplot.mixed(M2, tl.pos = 'lt', diag = 'u')
corrplot.mixed(M2, tl.pos = 'lt', diag = 'l')
corrplot.mixed(M2, tl.pos = 'n')
结果如下：
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