stm32中断服务函数的机制

  简述：当中断触发时，会保存当前运行状态，然后跳转到中断向量处执行（可嵌套），中断完成后再返回保存的运行状态执行。

  中断服务函数并非用户（写程序的人）调用，而是预先写入中断向量（相应中断执行首地址），中断发生后自动执行，所以源码中只需定义实现自己的中断服务函数而不需要考虑在mian中调用的时。

  那么问题的关键便是一个普通的c函数是如何实现写入中断向量。mcu的地址最低区是用作中断向量表的，即中断触发后，将执行相应中断向量（字）处的指令（一般为跳转指令）然后跳转到相应的中断服务函数执行，那么中断向量是如何跳转到中断服务函数的地址的呢。

首先我们要看中断服务函数的声明，库文件中唯一的中断服务函数标示符只存在startup.s中，废话少说上代码：

;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2014 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name          : startup_stm32f051.s
;* Author             : MCD Application Team
;* Version            : V1.4.0
;* Date               : 24-July-2014
;* Description        : STM32F051 devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain.
;*                      This module performs:
;*                      - Set the initial SP
;*                      - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;*                      - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;*                      - Configure the system clock
;*                      - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;*                        calls main()).
;*                      After Reset the CortexM0 processor is in Thread mode,
;*                      priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>   
;*******************************************************************************
;  @attention
; 
;  Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
;  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
;  You may obtain a copy of the License at:
; 
;         http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
; 
;  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
;  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
;  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
;  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
;  limitations under the License.
; 
;*******************************************************************************
;
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this val