《操作系统导论》第5章作业

1.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

int x;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        printf("This program pid is (%d), x is %d\n", (int)getpid(), x);
        int rc = fork();
        if (rc < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
                exit(1);
        } else if (rc == 0) {
                wait(NULL);
                printf("I am child (pid:%d), my x is %d\n", (int)getpid(), x);
                x = 3;
                printf("x in child now changed to %d\n", x);
        } else {
                x = 100;
                printf("I am parent of %d (pid:%d), my x is %d\n", rc, (int)getpid(), x);
        }
        return 0;
}

结果如下图所示：

可以看出，当主进程改变变量x的值时，子进程x变量的值不会改变，当子进程和父进程都改变x的值时，x在父子进程会分别变成不一样的值。

2.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        char buffer[13];
        int in, out;
        in = open("./52.txt", O_RDONLY);
        out = open("./52.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
        int cread, pread;
        int rc = fork();
        if (rc < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
                exit(1);
        } else if (rc == 0) {
                cread = read(in, buffer, 13);
                if (cread == -1) {
                        printf("child cannot visit file\n");
                } else {
                        printf("child can visit file\n");
                }
                write(out, "I am child\n", 10);
        } else {
                pread = read(in, buffer, 13);
                if (pread == -1) {
                        printf("parent cannot visit file\n");
                } else {
                        printf("parent can visit file\n");
                }
                write(out, "I am parent\n", 12);
        }
        return 0;
}

结果如下所示：


因此，子进程和父进程都可以访问open()返回的文件描述符，当它们并发写入文件时，父子进程都能将内容写入文件。

3.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        printf("This program pid is (%d)\n", (int)getpid());
        int rc = vfork();
        if (rc < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
                exit(1);
        } else if (rc == 0) {
                printf("I am child (pid:%d), hello\n", (int)getpid());
                exit(0);
        } else {
                printf("I am parent of %d (pid:%d), goodbye\n", rc, (int)getpid());
        }
        return 0;
}

使用vfork创建一个子进程能保证子进程先运行，子进程调用exec或者exit之前父进程处于阻塞等待状态。