SpringMvc源码记录之启动Spring

2 篇文章 0 订阅

1.SpringMvc的加载

在看文章之前,请对着代码一起看,过程一步步流程其实很简单,嘻嘻

在web.xml配置:

 <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

解释:配置listen的目的主要是在servlet启动的时候,会调用监听启动消息,将servlet上下文初始化到WebApplictionContext容器

         而该类继承于 类ContextLoader,在初始化调用:

@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}

这个时候会调用 initWebApplicationContext方法,初始化默认生成XmlWebApplicationContext,一个Spring的容器,接下来看这个容器是怎么生成,并且如何初始化容器的

	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
//首先校验servlet容器是否已经初始化了spring容器
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
               //如果spring容器没有初始化,会创建一个空的容器,这里回头看下这里的是如何获取的
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->    
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
                        //这里主要是设置一个父容器,这个跟着配置走,这里不影响流程
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
                    //这里设置一个容器的ID名,以及初始化Spring容器,这里是重点
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
			//将spring容器的应用挂在context上下文
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
						WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
			}
			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
			throw err;
		}
	}

在上面的过程中其实已经标记处Spring容器生成时机以及初始化的时机,总的过程:

  1. Servlet容器启动,触发事件以及Listen初始化方法
  2. 进入initWebApplicationContext先获取空的Spring容器对象
  3. Spring容器初始化
  4. 将已经初始化的容器对象放在Servlet的上下文,为以后使用

接下来看下生成过程以及容器初始化

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
        //首先根据servlet获取Spring容器的类,这里会加载该类
		Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
        //利用反射调用无参构造函数,这里需要配置web.xml文件中
		return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
	}

    //获取Spring容器
	protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
        //首先从servlet容器配置中拿类名,然后加载该类
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
        //如果上下文获取不到那么就会从defaultStrategies中获取,该对象读取的是ContextLoader.properties文件,里面内容配置的就是org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
		else {
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
			try {
                //类的加载
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

总结以上,获取空Spring容器对象:

  1. 首先从Servlet容器是否配置该Spring容器的类的类名
  2. 如果在上下文配置那么加载该类返回,否则
  3. 使用默认文件ContextLoader.properties配置的类名进行加载
  4. 获取了Spring上下文类后,使用反射调用无参构造方法,生成一个空的对象

生成一个空的对象如何把我们的Spring XML文件注入进去呢?

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
        //设置Spring容器的id,这里不重要
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}
        //把servlet容器放入web Spring上下文件,这个时候其实他俩已经互相引用了
		wac.setServletContext(sc);
        //这个就是从容器上下文获取Spring xml的路径,需要在web.xml配置
        //<context-param>
        //  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        //  <param-value>classpath:spring/context.xml</param-value>
        //</context-param>
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
            //将文件的路径赋值给Spring上下文容器
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}

		customizeContext(sc, wac);
        //Spring 容器的初始化,内容就设计的Spring的内容了
		wac.refresh();
	}

这里初始化过程就是:

  1. 将Spring上下文容器以及servlet上下文容器互相引用(虽然理解这个流程是一个细节,但是功能上是很重要的)
  2. 从servlet容器获取Spring的路径,放入Spring容器中
  3. 调用Spring 容器的refresh方法初始化Spring

接下来看下Spring以及Servlet如何整合的,在web.xml会有以下配置

  <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

在配置一个Servlet,在符合mapping的url请求都会走DispatchServlet,从名字可以看到他有分发的意思,先看下他继承的接口,看下他大概起到一个什么角色

可以看到这个这个类可以获取Spring容器,但是更多的代码功能是偏向于Servlet实现的,它起到了一个Servlet和Spring的一个桥梁作用 ,我们之前只使用通过继承HttpServlet来实现我们业务功能,它的和与生命周期相关的主要是三个方法:

  1. void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException 
  2. abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
  3. void destroy() 

涉及到Servlet生命周期的过程这里就不详细讲解,可以参考Servlet生命周期,而从类的结构开始看,从HttpServletBean继承了HttpServlet,重写了 init()方法,在里面会调用 void initServletBean()方法,而FrameworkServlet正好重写了该方法,并且调用方法WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(),重点从这里开始:

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
        //从前面可以看到我们可以从Servlet上下文拿到Spring加载的容器
		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
		WebApplicationContext wac = null;
        //初始化的时候这个逻辑是不会走的,如果构造方法注入才会走这个逻辑
		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
			// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
						// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent                  //将之前创建的加载的Spring作为当前web Spring 容器的父容器
						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
					}
                    //里面会调用refresh方法加载Spring bean
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
				}
			}
		}
        //如果构造方法没有注入,那么从servlet上下文获取
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
			// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
			// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
			// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
		}
        //如果构造方法以及上下文都没有,那么就创建一个
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
		}

		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
			// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
			// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
			// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
            //开始启动加载SpringMvc的配置信息,这里是重点
			onRefresh(wac);
		}

		if (this.publishContext) {
			// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
            //将创建的Spring容器放在Servlet上下文
			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
			if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
						"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
			}
		}

		return wac;
	}

以上其实做了一个事情,将创建或者获取web的一个Spring容器,并且将之前加载的Spring容器作为新建的容器父容器。这个地方初始化和parent的初始化区别是啥呢?对于子容器XmlWebApplicationContext重写

protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory)

会获取/WEB-INF/*xml的controller的配置文件,parent加载的是

   <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/context.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

因为controller依赖service层,生成controller bean是需要依赖父容器的bean注入

接下来看下onRefresh(wac)方法,可以看到我们的主角DispatchServlet主角实现了这个方法:

	/**
	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		initStrategies(context);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
	 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
	 */
	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

从上面我们可以看到,通过之前创建或者获取的Spring上下文获取bean来初始化SpringMvc几个组件,以上的过程可以总结为以下几个步奏:

  1. Servlet init方法初始化容器
  2. 获取Servlet上下文来获得之前已经加载的Root Spring容器
  3. 从Servlet上下文获取Servlet本身获取web Spring上下文并且设置父容器,没有则创建一个新的
  4. 将新创建(获取)的Spring容器来初始化DispatchServlet的处理组件
  5. 开始接受请求

子容器主要放置的是Controller层相关的bean,它可以访问父容器的bean,但是父容器的是访问不了子容器的内容的

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