Windows环境下Tensorflow环境安装配置（CPU）

给一个详细的自我安装流程。2019年5月27日。

1. 首先安装 Anaconda3-5.3.1-Windows-x86_64.exe
2. 打开anaconda prompt，输入：conda upgrade --all。 （如果因为之前错误的加入清华镜像网站，先手动删除C:\Users\Administrator.condarc这个文件再升级。）
3. 创建一个虚拟环境：conda create -n tensorflow python=3.6.6
4. 激活tensorflow虚拟环境：conda activate tensorflow
5. 下载tensorflow ：pip install tensorflow
6. 关闭环境：conda deactivate tensorflow
7. 打开 anaconda Navigator，切换到tensorflow环境，安装Spyder。
8. 安装：scipy，sklearn，tensorflow_datasets，ipywidgets

     pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple scipy
     pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple sklearn
     pip install tensorflow_datasets
     pip install ipywidgets

9. 使用tensorflow环境下的Spyder：跑demo。

Demo 1: 使用单层感知机进行MNIST 分类：

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist=input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data",one_hot=True)

print(mnist.train.images.shape,mnist.train.labels.shape)
print(mnist.test.images.shape,mnist.test.labels.shape)
print(mnist.validation.images.shape,mnist.validation.labels.shape)

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])  #占位
W=tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784,10]))
b=tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))

y=tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x,W)+b)

y_ = tf.placeholder("float", [None,10])

cross_entropy= -tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y))

train_step=tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.001).minimize(cross_entropy)

init=tf.global_variables_initializer()

sess=tf.Session()
sess.run(init)

for i in range(1000):
    batch_xs,batch_ys=mnist.train.next_batch(100)
    sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:batch_xs,y_:batch_ys})
    
correct_prediction=tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(y_,1))

accuracy=tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,"float"))

print(sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y_:mnist.test.labels}))    

Demo 2: 使用简单的CNN进行MNIST 分类：

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
import tensorflow as tf
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data",one_hot=True)
sess=tf.InteractiveSession()

def weight_variable(shape):
    initial=tf.truncated_normal(shape,stddev=0.1)
    return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape):
    initial=tf.constant(0.1,shape=shape)
    return tf.Variable(initial)
    
def conv2d(x,W):
    return tf.nn.conv2d(x,W,strides=[1,1,1,1],padding='SAME')

def max_pool_2x2(x):
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x,ksize=[1,2,2,1],strides=[1,2,2,1],padding='SAME')

x=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784])
y_=tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])
x_image=tf.reshape(x,[-1,28,28,1])


W_conv1=weight_variable([5,5,1,32])
b_conv1=bias_variable([32])
h_conv1=tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image,W_conv1)+b_conv1)
h_pool1=max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)

W_conv2=weight_variable([5,5,32,64])
b_conv2=bias_variable([64])
h_conv2=tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1,W_conv2)+b_conv2)
h_pool2=max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

W_fc1=weight_variable([7*7*64,1024])
b_fc1=bias_variable([1024])
h_pool2_flat=tf.reshape(h_pool2,[-1,7*7*64])
h_fc1=tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat,W_fc1)+b_fc1)

#加一个 dropout层，随机丢弃一部分节点的数据来减少过拟合
keep_prob=tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop=tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1,keep_prob)

W_fc2=weight_variable([1024,10])
b_fc2=bias_variable([10])
y_conv=tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop,W_fc2)+b_fc2)

# 定义损失函数为 cross entropy
cross_entropy=tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y_conv),reduction_indices=[1]))
train_step=tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)

correct_prediction=tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv,1),tf.argmax(y_,1))
accuracy=tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32))

tf.global_variables_initializer().run()
for i in range(20000):
    batch=mnist.train.next_batch(50)
    if i%100==0:
        train_accuracy=accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x:batch[0],y_:batch[1],keep_prob:1.0})
        print("step %d, training accuracy %g"%(i,train_accuracy))
        
    train_step.run(feed_dict={x:batch[0],y_:batch[1],keep_prob:0.5})
    
print("test accuracy %g"%accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y_:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0}))