Fjut周赛郭先生的数学题
Acm(×),数学魔鬼(√)
令\(S_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}a_{k}\)
\(\therefore a_{n}=S_{n}-S_{n-1}(n\geq 2)\)
\(\normalsize{\because \lim_{n \to \infty }\sum_{k=1}^{n}a_{k}\cdot (a_{n})^{2}=\frac{3}{2}}\)
\(\normalsize{\Rightarrow \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty }S_{n}(S_{n}-S_{n-1})^{2}=\frac{3}{2}}\)
\(\because \left \{ \frac{1}{S_{n}} \right \}\)单调递减,且恒大于零
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{1}{S_{n}}\)存在,记为A(A>=0)
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }(S_{n}-S_{n-1})^{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{1}{S_{n}}=\frac{3A}{2}\)
若A>0,则\(\lim_{n \to \infty }a_{n}=\sqrt{\frac{3A}{2}}>0\) \(*_{1}\)
得出\(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}\)发散
且\(\lim_{n \to \infty }S_{n}=\frac{1}{A}\)矛盾
\(\therefore A=0\)
\(\small{\therefore A=0,\lim_{n \to \infty }a_{n}=\sqrt{\frac{3A}{2}}=0,\lim_{n \to \infty }S_{n}=+\infty} \)
由Stocks定理得:
\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{S_{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{n}\)
=\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{S_{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}-S_{n-1}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{n-(n-1)}\)
=\(\lim_{n \to \infty }(\sqrt{S_{n}}-\sqrt{S_{n-1}})(S_{n}+S_{n-1}+\sqrt{S_{n}S_{n-1}})\)
=\(\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{(S_{n}-S_{n-1})(S_{n}+S_{n-1}+\sqrt{S_{n}S_{n-1}})}{\sqrt{S_{n}}+\sqrt{S_{n-1}}}\)
由\(*_{1}\)式得:当\(n \to \infty \),有\(S_{n}-S_{n-1}\sim \sqrt{\frac{3}{2S_{n}}}\)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{S_{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{n}\)
=\(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{S_{n}+S_{n-1}+\sqrt{S_{n}S_{n-1}}}{S_{n}+\sqrt{S_{n}S_{n-1}}}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( 1+\frac{S_{n-1}}{S_{n}+\sqrt{S_{n}S_{n-1}}}\right )\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( 1+\frac{1}{\frac{S_{n}}{S_{n-1}}+\sqrt{\frac{S_{n}}{S_{n-1}}}}\right )\)
\(\because \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( S_{n}-S_{n-1} \right )=0\)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( \frac{S_{n}}{S_{n-1}}-1 \right )=0\)
易得\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( \frac{S_{n}}{S_{n-1}} \right )=1\)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( \frac{S_{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{n} \right )=\left (\frac{3}{2}\right ) ^{\frac{3}{2}} \)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( \frac{S_{n}}{n^{\frac{2}{3}}} \right )=\left (\frac{3}{2}\right )\)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }\left ( \frac{\sqrt{S_{n}}}{n^{\frac{1}{3}}} \right )=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\)
\(\therefore \lim_{n \to \infty }a_{n}\sqrt[3]{n}=\lim_{n \to \infty }(S_{n}-S_{n-1})n^{\frac{1}{3}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\lim_{n \to \infty }\frac{n^{\frac{1}{3}}}{\sqrt{S_{n}}}=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}=1\)
好题难遇阿,感谢moxin大佬搞的好题!