进程控制（2）waitpid() WIFEXITED sleep() pause() execve()

一个进程可以通过调用waitpid()函数来等待他的子进程的终止或停止

waitpid()会暂时停止目前进程的执行，直到有信号来到或子进程结束。

pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid,int *status,int options);

如果成功，则为子进程的PID  如果WHOHANG 则为0 如果其他错误 为-1 

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
    pid_t childpid;
    int status;
    childpid = fork();
    if (childpid < 0) {
        perror("fork()");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } else if (childpid == 0) {
        puts("In child process");
        sleep(3);//让子进程睡眠3秒，看看父进程的行为
        printf("\tchild pid = %d\n", getpid());
        printf("\tchild ppid = %d\n", getppid());
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    } else {
        waitpid(childpid, &status, 0);
        puts("in parent");
        printf("\tparent pid = %d\n", getpid());
        printf("\tparent ppid = %d\n", getppid());
        printf("\tchild process exited with status %d \n", status);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

如果程序是exit退出 WIFEXITED为真

if(WIFEXITED(status)){
        fprintf(stdout,"child %d",WEXITSTATUS(status));
    }

sleep() 函数将程序挂起一段时间

unsigned int sleep(unsigned int sleep_time);

int pause(void) 让调用函数休眠，直到该进程收到一个信号