SGI STL中copy、uninitialized_copy和__uninitialized_fill_copy作用和实现

copy：

作用：

copy函数是将输入区间[first,last)内的元素复制到输出区间[result,result+(last-first))。

定义：

copy函数定义在stl_algobase.h里面，一个泛化和两个特化。

//泛化
template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                           OutputIterator result)
{
  return __copy_dispatch<InputIterator,OutputIterator>()(first, last, result);
}
//特化
inline char* copy(const char* first, const char* last, char* result) {
  memmove(result, first, last - first);
  return result + (last - first);
}
//特化
inline wchar_t* copy(const wchar_t* first, const wchar_t* last,
                     wchar_t* result) {
  memmove(result, first, sizeof(wchar_t) * (last - first));
  return result + (last - first);
}

特化就直接调用C的标准函数memmove，如果是泛化，运用了运算符重载，__copy_dispatch是一个结构体，并且它重载了operator()运算符。

内部实现：

__copy_dispatch的定义：

template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
struct __copy_dispatch
{
  OutputIterator operator()(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                            OutputIterator result) {
    return __copy(first, last, result, iterator_category(first));
  }
};

template <class T>
struct __copy_dispatch<T*, T*>
{
  T* operator()(T* first, T* last, T* result) {
    typedef typename __type_traits<T>::has_trivial_assignment_operator t; 
    return __copy_t(first, last, result, t());
  }
};

template <class T>
struct __copy_dispatch<const T*, T*>
{
  T* operator()(const T* first, const T* last, T* result) {
    typedef typename __type_traits<T>::has_trivial_assignment_operator t; 
    return __copy_t(first, last, result, t());
  }
};

__copy_dispatch也有两个特化和一个泛化定义，特化都是调用__copy_t函数，且最后一个参数都用了__type_traits来判断型别，__type_traits::has_trivial_assignment_operator就是__true_type或__false_type的别名，而_true_type和__false_type都是结构体，所以等于传一个结构体过去t()，而__copy_t根据函数重载决定调用哪一个，__copy_t看下面。

__copy的定义：

template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator __copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                             OutputIterator result, input_iterator_tag)
{
  for ( ; first != last; ++result, ++first)
    *result = *first;
  return result;
}

template <class RandomAccessIterator, class OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator 
__copy(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
       OutputIterator result, random_access_iterator_tag)
{
  return __copy_d(first, last, result, distance_type(first));
}

__copy_t的定义：

template <class T>
inline T* __copy_t(const T* first, const T* last, T* result, __true_type) {
  memmove(result, first, sizeof(T) * (last - first));
  return result + (last - first);
}

template <class T>
inline T* __copy_t(const T* first, const T* last, T* result, __false_type) {
  return __copy_d(first, last, result, (ptrdiff_t*) 0);
}

__copy_d的定义：

template <class RandomAccessIterator, class OutputIterator, class Distance>
inline OutputIterator
__copy_d(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
         OutputIterator result, Distance*)
{
  for (Distance n = last - first; n > 0; --n, ++result, ++first) 
    *result = *first;
  return result;
}

copy函数完整脉络

uninitialized_copy：

作用：

uninitialized_copy会调用construct函数，将输入区间[first,last) 的每个对象生成一个复制品，然后放置于未初始化输出区间 [result, result+(last-first))。

定义：

template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
inline ForwardIterator
  uninitialized_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                     ForwardIterator result) {
  return __uninitialized_copy(first, last, result, value_type(result));
}

inline char* uninitialized_copy(const char* first, const char* last,
                                char* result) {
  memmove(result, first, last - first);
  return result + (last - first);
}

inline wchar_t* uninitialized_copy(const wchar_t* first, const wchar_t* last,
                                   wchar_t* result) {
  memmove(result, first, sizeof(wchar_t) * (last - first));
  return result + (last - first);
}

内部实现：

//__uninitialized_copy函数：
template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline ForwardIterator
__uninitialized_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                     ForwardIterator result, T*) {
  typedef typename __type_traits<T>::is_POD_type is_POD;
  return __uninitialized_copy_aux(first, last, result, is_POD());
}


//__uninitialized_copy_aux：
template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
inline ForwardIterator 
__uninitialized_copy_aux(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                         ForwardIterator result,
                         __true_type) {
  return copy(first, last, result);
}

template <class InputIterator, class ForwardIterator>
ForwardIterator 
__uninitialized_copy_aux(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
                         ForwardIterator result,
                         __false_type) {
  ForwardIterator cur = result;
  __STL_TRY {
    for ( ; first != last; ++first, ++cur)
      construct(&*cur, *first);
    return cur;
  }
  __STL_UNWIND(destroy(result, cur));
}

__uninitialized_fill_copy：

作用：

__uninitialized_fill_copy(ForwardIterator result, ForwardIterator mid,const T& x, InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
__uninitialized_fill_copy会在区间[result，mid)一一填入x，将输入区间[first,last) 的每个对象生成一个复制品，然后放置于未初始化输出区间 [mid, mid+(last-first))。

定义：

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class InputIterator>
inline ForwardIterator 
__uninitialized_fill_copy(ForwardIterator result, ForwardIterator mid,
                          const T& x,
                          InputIterator first, InputIterator last) {
  uninitialized_fill(result, mid, x);
  __STL_TRY {
    return uninitialized_copy(first, last, mid);
  }
  __STL_UNWIND(destroy(result, mid));
}

内部实现：

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline void uninitialized_fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                               const T& x) {
  __uninitialized_fill(first, last, x, value_type(first));
}

template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class T1>
inline void __uninitialized_fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, 
                                 const T& x, T1*) {
  typedef typename __type_traits<T1>::is_POD_type is_POD;
  __uninitialized_fill_aux(first, last, x, is_POD());
                   
}