前言
因网络资源较少,本文记录ShardingSphere-JDBC 4.1.1版本复杂键分片算法的简单配置。
本文测试项目代码地址:
https://github.com/JazzHeric/ShardingSphereComplexDatabaseShardingAlgorithm
项目主要依赖以及版本
spring-boot 2.3.0.RELEASE
sharding-jdbc-core 4.1.1
mybatis 2.1.1
alibaba-druid 1.0.23-cat-SNAPSHOT
ShardingSphere-JDBC介绍
ShardingSphere是由当当网贡献给apache社区的项目,前身是Sharding-jdbc,其当前官网文档地址为:https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/;该数据库中间件主要用于数据库、表分片,成熟可靠。在由关系型数据库提供的表分区功能,已不足以支撑越来越大的数据量要求之后,横向的扩容数据库,增加数据库的承载能力成为很多项目的必选方案。而ShardingSphere中间件则对横向扩展数据库提供了访问方式的良好支持。
目前ShardingSphere项目下有2个成熟产品,分别为ShardingSphere-JDBC和ShardingSphere-Proxy。
按照官方文档介绍,ShardingSphere-Proxy操作数据库更简单,不需要像ShardingSphere-JDBC一样操作表时必须在筛选条件中包含分表字段,貌似能减少数据库连接数的消耗,我们暂未在生产环境使用过ShardingSphere-Proxy,对其具体表现如何暂无依据,单值得研究一下。
ShardingSphere-JDBC配置
数据库结构
分库10个
测试2张表结构如下(DDL语句见github测试项目):
order_info
order_detail
数据源配置以及分片策略
数据源配置 com.test.sharding.config.DataSourceConfig (非关键代码较多,本文其他部分只贴较重要的部分)
package com.test.sharding.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.test.sharding.config.sharding.ComplexDatabaseShardingAlgorithm;
import com.test.sharding.config.sharding.PreciseDatabaseShardingAlgorithm;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.ComplexShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
@Bean("dataSource00")
public DataSource druidDataSource00(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl00);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource01")
public DataSource druidDataSource01(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl01);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource02")
public DataSource druidDataSource02(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl02);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource03")
public DataSource druidDataSource03(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl03);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource04")
public DataSource druidDataSource04(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl04);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource05")
public DataSource druidDataSource05(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl05);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource06")
public DataSource druidDataSource06(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl06);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource07")
public DataSource druidDataSource07(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl07);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource08")
public DataSource druidDataSource08(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl08);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
@Bean("dataSource09")
public DataSource druidDataSource09(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setUrl(dbUrl09);
setConnectionProperty(druidDataSource);
return druidDataSource;
}
private void setConnectionProperty(DruidDataSource druidDataSource) {
druidDataSource.setUsername(userName);
druidDataSource.setPassword(password);
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
druidDataSource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
druidDataSource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
druidDataSource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
druidDataSource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
druidDataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
druidDataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
druidDataSource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
druidDataSource.setTestWhileIdle(testWhileIdle);
druidDataSource.setTestOnBorrow(testOnBorrow);
druidDataSource.setTestOnReturn(testOnReturn);
}
private Map<String, DataSource> buildDataSourceMap() {
Map<String, DataSource> result = Maps.newHashMap();
result.put("db_source_00", druidDataSource00());
result.put("db_source_01", druidDataSource01());
result.put("db_source_02", druidDataSource02());
result.put("db_source_03", druidDataSource03());
result.put("db_source_04", druidDataSource04());
result.put("db_source_05", druidDataSource05());
result.put("db_source_06", druidDataSource06());
result.put("db_source_07", druidDataSource07());
result.put("db_source_08", druidDataSource08());
result.put("db_source_09", druidDataSource09());
return result;
}
@Bean("shardingDataSource")
DataSource getShardingDataSource() throws SQLException {
//设置表精准sharding规则
TableRuleConfiguration orderDetailTableRule = new TableRuleConfiguration("order_detail");
StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration standardShardingStrategyConfiguration =
new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("merchant_id",
new PreciseDatabaseShardingAlgorithm());
orderDetailTableRule.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(standardShardingStrategyConfiguration);
//设置表复杂sharding规则
TableRuleConfiguration orderInfoTableRule = new TableRuleConfiguration("order_info");
ComplexShardingStrategyConfiguration complexShardingStrategyConfiguration =
new ComplexShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_no,merchant_id",
new ComplexDatabaseShardingAlgorithm());
orderInfoTableRule.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(complexShardingStrategyConfiguration);
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderDetailTableRule);
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderInfoTableRule);
shardingRuleConfig.getBindingTableGroups().add("order_detail,order_info");
//设置默认规则
shardingRuleConfig.setDefaultDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(standardShardingStrategyConfiguration);
return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(buildDataSourceMap(), shardingRuleConfig, new Properties());
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager shardingTransactionManager() throws Exception {
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(getShardingDataSource());
}
/** ---------------------数据库连接配置----------------------*/
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_00}")
private String dbUrl00;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_01}")
private String dbUrl01;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_02}")
private String dbUrl02;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_03}")
private String dbUrl03;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_04}")
private String dbUrl04;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_05}")
private String dbUrl05;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_06}")
private String dbUrl06;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_07}")
private String dbUrl07;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_08}")
private String dbUrl08;
@Value("${spring.datasource.url_09}")
private String dbUrl09;
@Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
private String userName;
@Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
private String driverClassName;
@Value("${spring.datasource.initialSize}")
private int initialSize;
@Value("${spring.datasource.minIdle}")
private int minIdle;
@Value("${spring.datasource.maxActive}")
private int maxActive;
@Value("${spring.datasource.maxWait}")
private int maxWait;
@Value("${spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}")
private int timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
@Value("${spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}")
private int minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
@Value("${spring.datasource.validationQuery}")
private String validationQuery;
@Value("${spring.datasource.testWhileIdle}")
private boolean testWhileIdle;
@Value("${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}")
private boolean testOnBorrow;
@Value("${spring.datasource.testOnReturn}")
private boolean testOnReturn;
}
注意分库规则设置代码:
精准分片策略需要实现接口
org.apache.shardingsphere.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingAlgorithm
复杂分片策略需要实现接口
org.apache.shardingsphere.api.sharding.complex.ComplexKeysShardingAlgorithm
精准分片策略
精准策略根据CRUD时,配置的分片字段的值进行判断。在本测试项目中,表order_detail使用了字段merchant_id进行分片。那么preciseShardingValue即CRUD时中的merchant_id的值。根据这一值,自行决定响应分片最终结果为什么。
测试如下代码:
该精准分片策略时入参:
注意入参collection为ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource时,传入的DataSource Map数据类型key。doSharding方法最终要返回准确分片的Map中的key。
复杂分片策略
复杂分片策略的灵活性更高,可以根据多个分片字段按照自定义的算法,匹配到一个或者多个目标库或目标表的key。
在本测试项目中,主要的逻辑是,当主分片字段merchant_id不存在的时候,通过order_no的最后2位(order_no生成规则约定为:最后两位带上分片库序号)匹配分片库。当分片字段merchant_id存在时,以merchant_id分片结果为准。该具体逻辑取决于系统设计时实际需求,本项目仅是测试Demo。
- 测试方法一:merchant_id和order_no同时存在
- 测试方法二:主分片字段merchant_id不存在
复杂分片策略的灵活性非常高,也允许匹配出多个分片。但是在实际使用的时候,应谨慎的控制匹配的分片结果集合,一个sql如果访问多个库示例或多个表,必然会出现较大的资源消耗。另外,如果分片策略doSharding内部逻辑处理的不好,出现没有匹配的结果,即doSharding方法return结果为null,ShardingSphere-JDBC兜底策略就会出现扫描所有库实例或扫描所有表的现象发生,这种现象也一定要杜绝。