在文本校对中,现在的深度神经网络模型,如神经翻译模型seq2seq框架在文本纠错中也有一些应用,但这需要大规模语料去做训练,有时候效果还不一定好,或者效率不一定达到要求,另外这种end2end方法也不好解释。所以基于统计和规则的文本校对方法还是有一定应用价值的。文本校对中有一项是词的搭配校对,而词的搭配校对中有一项是量词名词的搭配校对,比如“一片猪”中的量词是“一片”,名词是“猪”,我们知道这样的搭配是错误的,应该为“一头猪”。量名搭配可以用统计和规则的方法去做,也能达到一些效果,但此篇不会説怎么用统计和规则去做量名校对。基于统计和规则的量名校对依赖量名搭配词库,也可以叫知识库。这个知识库怎么构建,这是今天所説的主题。
一.量名搭配词库来源
1.一部分整理自北大的《现代汉语语法信息词典》
2.一部分通过挖掘的方式提取
二.量名搭配词库挖掘
1.挖掘的语料是1998年上半年的人民日报语料,这是被分词和标注好词性的语料。
2.挖掘的规则是参考张仰森教授的论文进行改写的,规则如下:
(1).量词右边词性为顿号或连词,continue
(2).若量词右边的词性为名词或几个相连名词,则取最后一个名词为搭配词。
(3).量词后有“的”字,若其右相邻词性为【介词/副词/连词/动词/数词/形容词】,则“的”字后面的名词或名词组最后一个名词作为搭配词,否则取量 词最近的名词或名词组最后一个名词作为搭配词
(4).量词后没有“的”字,若其右相邻词性不为【介词/副词/助词“地”/动词/数词】,则取量词最近的名词或名词组最后一个名词作为搭配词
(5).最后利用量名搭配的共现频率和互信息来过滤提取量名搭配,形成搭配词库
三.程序
def fetch\_quantifier\_noun(data\_path):
'''
从语料中获取量名搭配词对
fetch quantifier noun from corpus
:param data\_path:
:return:
'''
noun\_list \= \['n', 'ns', 'nr', 'nt', 'nz', 'vn'\]
punctuation\_pattern \= list(',?!。:;')
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(data\_path):
for file in files:
with open(os.path.join(root, file), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file\_read:
for line in file\_read:
line \= line.strip()
cut\_tokens \= line.split()
sents \= \[\]
sent \= \[\]
for token in cut\_tokens:
word, pos \= token.split('/')
if word not in punctuation\_pattern:
sent.append(token)
else:
sents.append(sent)
sent \= \[\]
sents.append(sent)
for sent in sents:
words\_list \= \[word.split('/')\[0\] for word in sent\]
pos\_list \= \[word.split('/')\[1\] for word in sent\]
index \= 0
while index < len(words\_list):
word \= words\_list\[index\]
pos \= pos\_list\[index\]
if (pos == 'q') and ((index + 1) < len(words\_list)):
right\_word \= words\_list\[index + 1\]
right\_pos \= pos\_list\[index + 1\]
if right\_pos != 'c' or right\_word != '、':
if '的' in words\_list\[index:\]:
if right\_pos in \['d', 'v', 'p', 'c', 'm', 'a'\]:
de\_index \= words\_list\[index + 1:\].index('的')
de\_index += (index + 1)
pos\_index \= de\_index + 1
while pos\_index < len(pos\_list):
q\_right\_pos \= pos\_list\[pos\_index\]
if q\_right\_pos in noun\_list:
right\_pos \= q\_right\_pos
right\_word \= words\_list\[pos\_index\]
pos\_index += 1
else:
break
if right\_pos in noun\_list:
print('{}:{}'.format(word, right\_word))
else:
pos\_index \= index + 1
while pos\_index < len(pos\_list):
q\_right\_pos \= pos\_list\[pos\_index\]
if q\_right\_pos in noun\_list:
right\_pos \= q\_right\_pos
right\_word \= words\_list\[pos\_index\]
pos\_index += 1
else:
break
if right\_pos in noun\_list:
print('{}:{}'.format(word, right\_word))
elif (right\_pos not in \['p', 'd', 'v', 'm'\]) and (right\_word != '地'):
pos\_index \= index + 1
while pos\_index < len(pos\_list):
q\_right\_pos \= pos\_list\[pos\_index\]
if q\_right\_pos in noun\_list:
right\_pos \= q\_right\_pos
right\_word \= words\_list\[pos\_index\]
pos\_index += 1
else:
break
if right\_pos in noun\_list:
print('{}:{}'.format(word, right\_word))
index += 1
class QuantifierNounMI:
def \_\_init\_\_(self, filepath, mipath):
self.filepath \= filepath
self.mipath \= mipath
def build\_corpus(self):
'''
读取语料
:return:
'''
def cut\_words(line):
return \[word for word in line.strip().split(':')\]
with open(self.filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f\_read:
sentences \= \[cut\_words(line) for line in f\_read\]
return sentences
def count\_words(self, sentences):
'''
统计词频
:param sentences:
:return:
'''
words\_all \= list()
for sent in sentences:
words\_all.extend(sent)
word\_dict \= {item\[0\]: item\[1\] for item in collections.Counter(words\_all).most\_common()}
return word\_dict, len(words\_all)
def count\_cowords(self, sentences):
'''
统计共现的词
:param train\_data:
:return:
'''
co\_dict \= dict()
print(len(sentences))
for index, data in enumerate(sentences):
if data\[0\] not in co\_dict:
co\_dict\[data\[0\]\] \= data\[1\]
else:
co\_dict\[data\[0\]\] += '@' +data\[1\]
return co\_dict
def build\_dict(self, words):
return {item\[0\]: item\[1\] for item in collections.Counter(words).most\_common()}
def compute\_mi(self, word\_dict, co\_dict, sum\_tf):
'''
计算互信息
:param word\_dict:
:param co\_dict:
:param sum\_tf:
:return:
'''
def compute\_mi(p1, p2, p12):
return math.log2(p12) - math.log2(p1) - math.log2(p2)
mis\_dict \= dict()
for word, co\_words in co\_dict.items():
co\_word\_dict \= self.build\_dict(co\_words.split('@'))
mi\_dict \= {}
for co\_word, co\_tf in co\_word\_dict.items():
if co\_tf >= 2: #这里过滤共现频率>=2的词
if co\_word == word:
continue
p1 \= word\_dict\[word\] / sum\_tf
p2 \= word\_dict\[co\_word\] / sum\_tf
p12 \= co\_tf / sum\_tf
mi \= compute\_mi(p1, p2, p12)
mi\_dict\[co\_word\] \= mi
mi\_dict \= sorted(mi\_dict.items(), key=lambda asd: asd\[1\], reverse=True)
mis\_dict\[word\] \= mi\_dict
return mis\_dict
def save\_mi\_result(self, mis\_dict):
'''
将共现频率>=2以及互信息>=4的量名搭配找出来
:param mis\_dict:
:return:
'''
with open(self.mipath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f\_write:
for word, co\_words in mis\_dict.items():
co\_infos \= \[item\[0\] + '@' + str(item\[1\]) for item in co\_words if item\[1\] >= 4\] #这里过滤互信息>=4的词
if len(co\_infos) !=0:
f\_write.write(word \+ '\\t' + ','.join(co\_infos) + '\\n')
# 运行主函数
def calcute(self):
print('step 1/6: 读取语料 ..........')
sentences \= self.build\_corpus()
print('step 2/6: 统计词频..........')
word\_dict, sum\_tf \= self.count\_words(sentences)
print('step 3/6: 统计共现词..........')
co\_dict \= self.count\_cowords(sentences)
print('step 4/6: 计算互信息..........')
mi\_data \= self.compute\_mi(word\_dict, co\_dict, sum\_tf)
print('step 5/6: 保存词的互信息..........')
self.save\_mi\_result(mi\_data)
print('done!.......')
if \_\_name\_\_ == '\_\_main\_\_':
mi\_corpus\_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'corpus.txt')
data\_write\_path \= os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'result.txt')
quantifierNounMI \= QuantifierNounMI(mi\_corpus\_path, data\_write\_path)
quantifierNounMI.calcute()
四.结果
1.fetch_quantifier_noun统计的词库如下:
次:代表大会
个:中国
种种:威胁
项:原则
次:代表大会
件:大事
条:战线
名:首都
名:首都
名:首都
场:题
位:音乐家
台:交响音乐会
件:事
盏:灯笼
里:长街
个:建设
个:建设
届:委员会
个:乡
个:县
次:全国
批:代表
年:时间
批:中央
支:模范
…
2.QuantifierNounMI利用词频和互信息挖掘的词库如下(@后为互信息):
次 主席团@4.85493845217302,访华@4.85493845217302,盛会@4.85493845217302,发射@4.85493845217302,手术@4.85493845217302,闭幕式@4.85493845217302,来访@4.85493845217302,普查@4.85493845217302,集会@4.85493845217302,能源@4.85493845217302,审议@4.85493845217302,审查@4.85493845217302,增资@4.85493845217302,瑞环@4.85493845217302,打击@4.85493845217302,失败@4.85493845217302,集训@4.85493845217302,旅行@4.85493845217302,纪要@4.85493845217302,摄影展@4.85493845217302,采油@4.85493845217302,接见@4.85493845217302,闭幕会@4.85493845217302,印刷版@4.85493845217302,呼吁@4.85493845217302,升级@4.85493845217302,灵感@4.85493845217302,传唤@4.85493845217302,通气会@4.85493845217302,检阅@4.85493845217302,认证@4.85493845217302,出访@4.85493845217302,受伤@4.85493845217302,会面@4.85493845217302,全省性@4.85493845217302,影展@4.85493845217302,听证会@4.85493845217302,对接@4.85493845217302,库奇马@4.85493845217302,开幕会@4.85493845217302,对话会@4.85493845217302,首日封@4.85493845217302,发言台@4.85493845217302,汇编@4.85493845217302,检修@4.85493845217302,打假@4.85493845217302,改进@4.85493845217302,骨灰@4.85493845217302,评议@4.85493845217302,执法@4.85493845217302,观樱会@4.85493845217302,体操赛@4.85493845217302,绿灯@4.85493845217302,接触@4.85493845217302,解放@4.85493845217302,闪电@4.85493845217302,风暴潮@4.85493845217302,大锅饭@4.85493845217302,反击@4.85493845217302,测验@4.85493845217302,全会@4.7960447631194505,巨变@4.772476291981047,会晤@4.7506017923582835,会议@4.7471351626385045,表决@4.729407570089162,谈话@4.6850134507307075,访问@4.660435428010043,核试验@4.646351830361601,飞跃@4.632546030836572,良机@4.632546030836572,提名@4.632546030836572,创业@4.623612906066564,检查@4.591904046339225,议程@4.533010357285658,浪潮@4.533010357285658,日程@4.533010357285658,拍卖会@4.533010357285658,招待会@4.517903464895449,高潮@4.517903464895449,机遇@4.46262102939426,采访@4.439900952894176,配合@4.439900952894176,民意测验@4.439900952894176,招标@4.439900952894176,促进@4.439900952894176,考察队@4.439900952894176,演习@4.439900952894176,抽查@4.439900952894176,三等功@4.439900952894176,新月@4.439900952894176,震动@4.439900952894176,全市性@4.439900952894176,日本队@4.439900952894176,会@4.4074794752018,调整@4.3955068335357215,开幕式@4.3955068335357215,交谈@4.369511625002778,射门@4.369511625002778,立场@4.369511625002778,失误@4.369511625002778,侧记@4.340365279343262,考试@4.324423735474239,机会@4.299723294845915,核查@4.269975951451865,海湾@4.269975951451865,订货会@4.269975951451865,失利@4.269975951451865,发掘@4.269975951451865,净化@4.269975951451865,起义@4.269975951451865,盛况@4.269975951451865,会场@4.269975951451865,支援@4.269975951451865,分配@4.269975951451865,期望@4.269975951451865,竞选@4.269975951451865,进攻@4.269975951451865,冲击@4.269975951451865,平均值@4.269975951451865,装卸费@4.269975951451865,检验@4.269975951451865,热身@4.269975951451865,污染@4.269975951451864,会见@4.269975951451864,部长会议@4.269975951451864,研讨会@4.238267091724525,演讲@4.202861755593325,尝试@4.1919734394505905,列车@4.18935749124358,人数@4.176866547060381,淘汰赛@4.176866547060381,历史性@4.154498734031927,讲座@4.117972858006814,修改@4.117972858006814,拍卖@4.117972858006814,整顿@4.077330873509467,画展@4.047583530115416,征文@4.047583530115416
种种 借口@8.989974996348284,疑虑@8.989974996348284,阻力@8.989974996348284,恩惠@8.989974996348284,束缚@8.989974996348284,暴行@8.989974996348284,迹象@8.874497778928347,弊端@8.627404916963576,疑问@8.504548169178042,理由@8.504548169178042,怀疑@8.40501249562713,干扰@8.40501249562713,局限@8.40501249562713,议论@8.40501249562713,弊病@8.40501249562713,原因@8.283706199404994,诱惑@7.989974996348286,手法@7.668046901460924,罪名@7.40501249562713,限制@7.40501249562713,风险@7.405012495627128,考虑@7.182620074290682,误区@7.182620074290682,考验@6.989974996348284,因素@6.475401823518526,尝试@5.742047482904701,变化@5.716956501941867,思想@4.8606919794033185,行为@4.466413040291274,问题@4.305476822076214,经济@4.059237658785399
项 守则@6.057089192206821,注意@6.057089192206821,社会性@6.057089192206821,奥斯卡奖@6.057089192206821,裁决@6.057089192206821,公证@6.057089192206821,职权@6.057089192206821,基本功@6.057089192206821,主张@5.9575535186559065,专利@5.834696770870373,经常性@5.694519112822112,法案@5.6851204148198615,硬指标@5.642051692927977,金像奖@5.642051692927977,大奖@5.609630215235601,政策性@5.571662365036579,任务@5.544137936401054,指标@5.486773467450067,不信任案@5.472126691485666,指控@5.472126691485666,权力@5.472126691485666,判决@5.472126691485666,任命@5.472126691485666,污染物@5.472126691485666,修改案@5.472126691485666,宣言@5.472126691485666,公约@5.4721266914856646,发明@5.4721266914856646,协议@5.446131482952721,声明@5.4373612733249885,决策@5.346595809401807,议题@5.320123598040615,使命@5.320123598040615,难度@5.320123598040615,收费@5.279481613543268,修正案@5.249734270149217,内容@5.217553864400067,原则@5.200047146048863,命令@5.1826200742906785,承诺@5.139551352398794,成果@5.110528451168282,举措@5.102892881819946,工作@5.0991124071025276,实施@5.057089192206822,事业@5.057089192206821,统计@5.057089192206821,桂冠@5.057089192206821,奖励@5.057089192206821,调查@4.999756017140868,纪录@4.902366597408179,权利@4.8871641907645085,协定@4.872664621069394,要求@4.845585087013108,前提@4.834696770870373,计划@4.810928604937423,实验@4.794054786373026,制度@4.791195132233785,决定@4.787000028839076,技术@4.743931306947191,工艺@4.735161097319461,义务@4.735161097319461,课题@4.735161097319459,金奖@4.735161097319459,工程@4.713604953953011,公报@4.694519112822112,业务@4.687855382541102,备忘录@4.67857756895309,进展@4.642051692927977,高新技术@4.642051692927977,研究@4.554588851677638,服务@4.52103629196661,罪名@4.472126691485666,奖@4.4721266914856646,赛事@4.4248209767073075,空白@4.356649474065728,费用@4.340882158207412,议案@4.320123598040615,功能@4.320123598040615,条约@4.320123598040615,措施@4.26618479092981,条款@4.249734270149219,热点@4.249734270149219,考核@4.249734270149219,基础@4.249734270149215,冠军@4.223099143645749,荣誉@4.1826200742906785,禁令@4.1826200742906785,方案@4.169563921465233,活动@4.0715887619019355,遗产@4.057089192206822
件 衬衫@7.144221783932796,羊毛衫@7.144221783932796,衣物@7.144221783932796,坏事@7.144221783932796,褂子@7.144221783932796,难事@7.144221783932796,行李@7.144221783932796,皮夹克@7.144221783932796,T恤衫@7.144221783932796,运动衫@7.144221783932796,皮袄@7.144221783932795,大事@7.076658500120161,好事@6.9798349660319134,实物@6.974296782490483,新鲜事@6.921829362596347,实事@6.903213684429001,艺术品@6.881187378099001,盛事@6.854715166737809,物品@6.822293689045432,展品@6.822293689045432,事情@6.733757014443774,棉大衣@6.729184284653952,憾事@6.729184284653952,小事@6.684790165295497,事@6.670290595600382,棉衣@6.559259283211642,大衣@6.559259283211642,用具@6.559259283211642,珍品@6.33686686187519,新衣@6.144221783932798,蓝色@6.144221783932798,黑色@6.144221783932798,衣服@6.144221783932795,案子@6.144221783932795,事儿@5.921829362596348,趣事@5.822293689045436,文物@5.765710160679064,家具@5.729184284653952,礼品@5.40725618976659,提案@5.226683944124768,投诉@5.144221783932798,商标@4.974296782490486,往事@4.896294270489209,议案@4.629648611103037,精品@4.559259283211642,服装@4.559259283211642,作品@4.545184097999916
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台 洗衣机@8.219108995563786,脱粒机@8.219108995563786,变压器@8.219108995563786,割晒机@8.219108995563786,终端机@8.219108995563786,机床@8.219108995563786,缝纫机@8.219108995563786,交响音乐会@8.219108995563786,摄影机@8.219108995563786,样机@8.219108995563786,复印机@8.219108995563786,股票机@8.219108995563786,CT机@8.219108995563786,农机@8.219108995563786,分体@8.219108995563786,粉碎机@8.219108995563786,冰箱@8.08160547181385,电视机@8.02646391762139,电脑@7.992338133716764,收割机@7.971181482120201,机械@7.897180900676425,仪器@7.8040714962849425,VCD机@7.8040714962849425,风机@7.8040714962849425,摄像机@7.8040714962849425,推土机@7.8040714962849425,计算机@7.688594278865006,机器@7.63414649484263,微机@7.63414649484263,舞剧@7.567032298984092,晚会@7.512840198620497,机车@7.482143401397581,空调@7.482143401397581,钢琴@7.411754073506183,好戏@7.411754073506183,拖拉机@7.411754073506183,彩电@7.356612519313723,锅炉@7.219108995563788,发动机@7.219108995563786,核电机组@7.219108995563786,电视@6.996716574227339,订单@6.897180900676426,发电机组@6.759677376926488,剧目@6.63414649484263,机组@6.364959862027241,小车@6.344639877647644,车辆@6.10363177814385,样品@6.049183994121476,话剧@6.049183994121474,戏@5.783009880757113,车@5.646219327143205,设备@5.63414649484263,产量@5.411754073506184,节目@5.312218399955269,音乐会@5.131646154313447,演出@4.897180900676423,价值@4.8498751858980675,仪式@4.575252805789063
…
3.如果要想让词库的质量更高,可人工再过滤一遍