Android 使用Messenger和Aidl实现跨进程通信

Android Messenger和Aidl的使用

1.怎么使用多进程

为安卓的四大组件设置process属性值

例如：android:process=":test"或者 android:process="com.lz.test.process"

上述指定进程方式的不同，以：号开头的进程名字是包名+：test，而后面一种是完整的进程名字。前者是应用的私有进程，其他应用组件不可访问，后者可以通过ShareUID的方式和他跑在同一进程中。

2.使用messenger实现进程间的通信 

   2.1 在service中使用handler创建messenger对象

Handler serviceHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            Log.i(TAG,msg.toString());
            Messenger messenger = msg.replyTo;
            if(messenger != null){
                Message msgBack = new Message();
                msgBack.what = 2;
                try {
                    Log.i(TAG,"call back msg");
                    messenger.send(msgBack);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }else{
                Log.i(TAG,"error call back messenger == null !");
            }
        }
    };

    Messenger serviceMessenger = new Messenger(serviceHandler);

   2.2 在service的onbind方法中返回messenger中的binder

@Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG,"onBind");
        return serviceMessenger.getBinder();
    }

这样service中的处理就完成了

   2.3在需要绑定的service的组件中绑定这个service

 Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,TestService.class);
 bindService(intent,serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

绑定service是我们需要传入serviceConnection对象

  2.4 创建ServiceConnection

ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceConnected");
            messenger= new Messenger(iBinder);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceDisconnected");
        }
    };

绑定service的时候，会回调serviceConnection的onServiceConnection方法，返回service中的binder对象

 2.5 使用onServiceConnection中返回的binder获得messenger传递数据

if(messenger != null){
    Log.i(TAG,"send msg");
    Message msg = new Message();
    //这边需要注意一下，obj不能跨进程传递
//  msg.obj = "";
    msg.what = 1;
    try {
          /*
           * 如果需要service在传信息过来，就新加messenger传递过去
           */
             msg.replyTo = new Messenger(new Handler(){
             @Override
             public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                   super.handleMessage(msg);
                   Log.i(TAG,"get msg in mainActivity " + msg.toString());
                }
             });
             messenger.send(msg);

             } catch (RemoteException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
             }
     }else{
        Log.i(TAG,"error messenger == null !");
     }

这边传递数据使用的是Message，这边obj是不支持跨进程通信的。

demo下载地址：点击打开链接

3.使用aidl实现跨进程的通信

  3.1 创建需要跨进程使用的类，实现parcelable接口

public class Student implements Parcelable {
    int id;
    String name;

    public Student(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    protected Student(Parcel in) {
        id = in.readInt();
        name = in.readString();
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(id);
        dest.writeString(name);
    }

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public static final Creator<Student> CREATOR = new Creator<Student>() {
        @Override
        public Student createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Student(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Student[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Student[size];
        }
    };
}

3.2 定义上面创建的类的aidl文件

// IStudent.aidl
package com.lz.aidldemo;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
parcelable Student;

声明这个类实现了序列化接口

3.3 定义跨进程需要处理的方法定义的aidl

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.lz.aidldemo.Student;

interface IStudentManager {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    List<Student> getAllStudent();
    void addStudent(in Student student);
}

这边定义了添加和获取所有学生的方法定义

3.4 build下这个model，在build文件夹下就会生成IStudentManager类文件

3.5 定义service中的IStuManager的处理

public class TestService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "lz_do_TestService";
    //CopyOnWriteArrayList支持并发的读写操作，内部实现了同步机制
    CopyOnWriteArrayList <Student>studentList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Student>();

    Binder binder = new IStudentManager.Stub() {
        @Override
        public List<Student> getAllStudent() throws RemoteException {
            return studentList;
        }

        @Override
        public void addStudent(Student student) throws RemoteException {
            studentList.add(student);
        }
    };

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG,"onBind");
        return binder;
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG,"onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i(TAG,"onDestroy");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i(TAG,"onUnbind");
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }
}

3.6 在需要绑定的组件中绑定这个service

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private final String TAG = "lz_do_MainActivity";
    IStudentManager binder;

    ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceConnected");
            binder = IStudentManager.Stub.asInterface(iBinder);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            Log.i(TAG,"onServiceDisconnected");
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void onClick(View v){
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.bt:
                Log.i(TAG,"bind click");
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,TestService.class);
                bindService(intent,connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.bt_add:
                Log.i(TAG,"add click");
                if(binder != null){
                    try {
                        Log.i(TAG,"add click xiao wang");
                        binder.addStudent(new Student(1,"xiao wang"));
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }else{
                    Log.i(TAG,"add click error binder == null !");
                }
                break;
            case R.id.bt_get:
                Log.i(TAG,"get click");
                if(binder != null){
                    try {
                        Log.i(TAG,"get click xiao wang");
                        List<Student> list = binder.getAllStudent();
                        Log.i(TAG,"get list=" + list.toString());
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }else{
                    Log.i(TAG,"get click error binder == null !");
                }
                break;
            default:

        }
    }
}

这边添加了三个按钮，绑定service，addStudent和getAllStudent。

aidl的demo下载地址：点击打开链接