引用,编译器的假象

引用的本质

引用的本质是指针常量,指向不能变,但内容可变

int x=0;
int &r=x;
int* const r = &x;

编译器的假象

下面两个是编译器提供的假像,r实际上指针,4个字节

• sizeof( r ) == sizeof( x )
• &r==&x

typedef struct tagS
{
	int a, b, c, d;
}S;


void test01()
{
	double x = 0;
	double* p = &x;
	double& r = x;

	cout << sizeof(x) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(p) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(r) << endl;

	cout << p << endl;
	cout << *p << endl;
	cout << x << endl;
	cout << r << endl;
	cout << &x << endl;
	cout << &r << endl;

	cout << endl;
	S s;
	S& rs = s;

	cout << sizeof(s) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(rs) << endl;
	cout << &s << endl;
	cout << &rs << endl;
}

Reference的特殊使用

struct Reference
{
	int& x;
};

int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	int& b = a;

	int* const p = &a;

	struct Reference c = { a };

	cout << "sizeof(c) = " << sizeof(c) << endl;
	cout << "&a = " << &a << endl;
	cout << "&c = " << &c << endl;
	cout << "&c.x = " << &c.x << endl;

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "&a = " << &a << endl;
	cout << "&b = " << &b << endl;
	cout << "p = " << p << endl;
	cout << "&p = " << &p << endl;
	cout << "*p = " << *p << endl;

	b = 2;
	a = 3;

	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "&a = " << &a << endl;
	cout << "&b = " << &b << endl;

	cout << "p = " << p << endl;
	cout << "&p = " << &p << endl;
	cout << "*p = " << *p << endl;

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

对引用对象进行取址操作时，返回的并不是引用变量的地址，虽然引用变量自身有地址，但C++做特殊处理返回的是引用对象的值，但是通过特殊方法是能够获取引用变量的地址的
    
int *const p;
引用虽然实质是指针常量，但实际使用过程中有区别，对特定的取址符进行对象替换