STM32Flash读取/擦除/编程

      STM32Flash编程，在STM32Bootloader 在线编程，利用Flash扇区Sector Page存储数据

      IAP应用编程：用户程序运行时对闪存微控制器中存储器重新编程。

   写在前面：

      Flash在编程过程中，总线被占用不能取指和取值，能够触发systick中断，但是不能执行代码，如果串口接收数据则会丢失数据。

      Flash在写数据时选取一个扇区作为存储数据组的位置，数据集合按照数组依次写入数据，全部写满后擦除从头重写数据，取数据是由后至前寻找有效数据

      Sector 1K，数组8个字节 数组0-127，由小至大写数据

      STM32 BOOT模式选择Flash启动后从0x08000000启动，读取中断向量表配置参数flash单个地址为1个字节，               STM32F103CB128Kb page0-127 * 1K        STM32F429IG 1M Sector0-23

   Flash读取数据

      任何32位数据操作都能访问闪存模块的内容并得到相应的数据，

      *(vu8*)0x08000000   *(vu16*)0x08000000   *(vu32*)0x08000000

   Flash编程操作：擦除/编程

      flash擦除后全部为0xFFFF，编程只能由1写为0，不能由0写成1。

      flash在擦写或编程时先要解锁flash，然后擦除/编程flash，编程后flash上锁

      解锁flash：向FLASH_KEY 依次写入KEY1=0x45670123 KEY2=0xCDEF89AB

/**
  * @brief  Unlock the FLASH control register access
  * @retval HAL Status
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_FLASH_Unlock(void)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_OK;

  if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_LOCK) != RESET)
  {
    /* Authorize the FLASH Registers access */
    WRITE_REG(FLASH->KEYR, FLASH_KEY1);
    WRITE_REG(FLASH->KEYR, FLASH_KEY2);

    /* Verify Flash is unlocked */
    if(READ_BIT(FLASH->CR, FLASH_CR_LOCK) != RESET)
    {
      status = HAL_ERROR;
    }
  }

  return status;
}

      上锁flash：FLASH_CR使能LOCK位

/**
  * @brief  Locks the FLASH control register access
  * @retval HAL Status
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_FLASH_Lock(void)
{
  /* Set the LOCK Bit to lock the FLASH Registers access */
  FLASH->CR |= FLASH_CR_LOCK;
  
  return HAL_OK;  
}

      flash擦除只能按照页或扇区编程，擦除Flash，在擦除flash之后重新刷新flash

/**
  * @brief  Perform a mass erase or erase the specified FLASH memory sectors 
  * @param[in]  pEraseInit pointer to an FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef structure that
  *         contains the configuration information for the erasing.
  * 
  * @param[out]  SectorError pointer to variable  that
  *         contains the configuration information on faulty sector in case of error 
  *         (0xFFFFFFFFU means that all the sectors have been correctly erased)
  * 
  * @retval HAL Status
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef *pEraseInit, uint32_t *SectorError)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_ERROR;
  uint32_t index = 0U;
  
  /* Process Locked */
  __HAL_LOCK(&pFlash);

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_FLASH_TYPEERASE(pEraseInit->TypeErase));

  /* Wait for last operation to be completed */
  status = FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE);

  if(status == HAL_OK)
  {
    /*Initialization of SectorError variable*/
    *SectorError = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
    
    if(pEraseInit->TypeErase == FLASH_TYPEERASE_MASSERASE)
    {
      /*Mass erase to be done*/
      FLASH_MassErase((uint8_t) pEraseInit->VoltageRange, pEraseInit->Banks);

      /* Wait for last operation to be completed */
      status = FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
      
      /* if the erase operation is completed, disable the MER Bit */
      FLASH->CR &= (~FLASH_MER_BIT);
    }
    else
    {
      /* Check the parameters */
      assert_param(IS_FLASH_NBSECTORS(pEraseInit->NbSectors + pEraseInit->Sector));

      /* Erase by sector by sector to be done*/
      for(index = pEraseInit->Sector; index < (pEraseInit->NbSectors + pEraseInit->Sector); index++)
      {
        FLASH_Erase_Sector(index, (uint8_t) pEraseInit->VoltageRange);

        /* Wait for last operation to be completed */
        status = FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
        
        /* If the erase operation is completed, disable the SER and SNB Bits */
        CLEAR_BIT(FLASH->CR, (FLASH_CR_SER | FLASH_CR_SNB));

        if(status != HAL_OK) 
        {
          /* In case of error, stop erase procedure and return the faulty sector*/
          *SectorError = index;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    /* Flush the caches to be sure of the data consistency */
    FLASH_FlushCaches();    
  }

  /* Process Unlocked */
  __HAL_UNLOCK(&pFlash);

  return status;
}

      flash编程

/**
  * @brief  Program byte, halfword, word or double word at a specified address
  * @param  TypeProgram  Indicate the way to program at a specified address.
  *                           This parameter can be a value of @ref FLASH_Type_Program
  * @param  Address  specifies the address to be programmed.
  * @param  Data specifies the data to be programmed
  * 
  * @retval HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL Status
  */
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_FLASH_Program(uint32_t TypeProgram, uint32_t Address, uint64_t Data)
{
  HAL_StatusTypeDef status = HAL_ERROR;
  
  /* Process Locked */
  __HAL_LOCK(&pFlash);
  
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM(TypeProgram));
  
  /* Wait for last operation to be completed */
  status = FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
  
  if(status == HAL_OK)
  {
    if(TypeProgram == FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_BYTE)
    {
      /*Program byte (8-bit) at a specified address.*/
      FLASH_Program_Byte(Address, (uint8_t) Data);
    }
    else if(TypeProgram == FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_HALFWORD)
    {
      /*Program halfword (16-bit) at a specified address.*/
      FLASH_Program_HalfWord(Address, (uint16_t) Data);
    }
    else if(TypeProgram == FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_WORD)
    {
      /*Program word (32-bit) at a specified address.*/
      FLASH_Program_Word(Address, (uint32_t) Data);
    }
    else
    {
      /*Program double word (64-bit) at a specified address.*/
      FLASH_Program_DoubleWord(Address, Data);
    }
    
    /* Wait for last operation to be completed */
    status = FLASH_WaitForLastOperation((uint32_t)FLASH_TIMEOUT_VALUE);
    
    /* If the program operation is completed, disable the PG Bit */
    FLASH->CR &= (~FLASH_CR_PG);  
  }
  
  /* Process Unlocked */
  __HAL_UNLOCK(&pFlash);
  
  return status;
}