01单例设计模式
基本介绍
所谓类的单例设计模式,就是采取一定的方法保证在整个软件系统中,对某个类只能存在一个对象实例,
并且该类只提供一个取得其对象实例的方法(静态方法)。
比如Hibernate中的SessionFactory,它充当的就是数据存储源的代理,并负责创建Session对象。
SessionFactory并不是轻量级的,一般情况下,一个项目只需要一个SessionFactory就够,这时就需要单例设计模式。
饿汉式(静态常量)
- 优点: 这种写法比较简单,就是在类装载的时候就完成了实例化。避免了线程同步的问题。
- 缺点: 在类装载的时候就完成初始化,没有达到Lazy Loading的效果。如果从始至终没有使用过这个实例就会造成内存的浪费。
- 这种方式基于ClassLoder机制避免了多线程同步问题,不过instance在类装载的时候就实例化,在单例模式中,一般都是调用getInstance()获取单例对象,但是导致类装载的原因有很多不确定因素,比如使用了该类的其他静态方法,因此就会造成资源浪费。
public class SingletonTest01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance2 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance1 == instance2);
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance2.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton {
private Singleton() {
}
private final static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
饿汉式(静态代码块)
- 这种方式和上面的代码很相似,只不过将初始化放在了静态代码块中,也是在类装载的时候初始化,优点缺点和上面是一样的。
public class SingletonTest02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance1 = Singleton.getInstance();
Singleton instance2 = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance1 == instance2);
System.out.println(instance1.hashCode());
System.out.println(instance2.hashCode());
}
}
class Singleton {
private Singleton() {
}
private final static Singleton instance;
static {
instance = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return instance;
}
}
懒汉式(线程不安全)
public class SingleTonTest03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance = SingleTon.getInstance();
System.out.println(SingleTon.getInstance() == instance);
}
}
class SingleTon {
private static SingleTon instance;
private SingleTon() {
}
public static SingleTon getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new SingleTon();
}
return instance;
}
}
懒汉式(线程安全,同步方法)
public class SingleTonTest04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance = SingleTon.getInstance();
System.out.println(SingleTon.getInstance() == instance);
}
}
class SingleTon {
private static SingleTon instance;
private SingleTon() {
}
public static synchronized SingleTon getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new SingleTon();
}
return instance;
}
}
懒汉式(线程安全,同步代码块)
public class SingleTonTest04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance = SingleTon.getInstance();
System.out.println(SingleTon.getInstance() == instance);
}
}
class SingleTon {
private static SingleTon instance;
private SingleTon() {
}
public static SingleTon getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (SingleTon.class) {
instance = new SingleTon();
}
}
return instance;
}
}
双重检查
public class SingleTon06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance = SingleTon.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance == SingleTon.getInstance());
}
}
class SingleTon {
private static volatile SingleTon instance;
private SingleTon() {
}
public static SingleTon getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (SingleTon.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new SingleTon();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
静态内部类
public class SingleTon07 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance = SingleTon.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance == SingleTon.getInstance());
}
}
class SingleTon {
private SingleTon() {
}
public static class SingleTonInstance {
private static final SingleTon INSTANCE = new SingleTon();
}
public static SingleTon getInstance() {
return SingleTonInstance.INSTANCE;
}
}
枚举
public class SingleTon08 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SingleTon instance1 = SingleTon.INSTANCE;
SingleTon instance2 = SingleTon.INSTANCE;
System.out.println(instance1 == instance2);
instance1.sayOk();
}
}
enum SingleTon {
INSTANCE;
public void sayOk() {
System.out.println("ok");
}
}