install_name_tool解决dyld: Library not loaded

在Mac OS 10.++上，有的时候应用程序找不到动态库。例如在使用ffplay播放视频的时候：

ffplay ~/Movies/testfile.mp4 

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得到的错误：

dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/sdl/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib
  Referenced from: /usr/local/bin/ffplay
  Reason: image not found

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利用工具otool查看ffplay依赖的动态库：

otool -L /usr/local/bin/ffplay


/System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.11.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 1404.47.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 1259.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.5.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AVFoundation.framework/Versions/A/AVFoundation (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 2.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreMedia.framework/Versions/A/CoreMedia (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation (compatibility version 150.0.0, current version 1258.1.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/VideoToolbox.framework/Versions/A/VideoToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 492.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/VideoDecodeAcceleration.framework/Versions/A/VideoDecodeAcceleration (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 7.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 57337.60.2)
    /usr/local/opt/sdl/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib (compatibility version 12.0.0, current version 12.4.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 22.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/CoreGraphics (compatibility version 64.0.0, current version 600.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1226.10.1)
    /usr/lib/libbz2.1.0.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.5)
    /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.2.5)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 728.13.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreImage.framework/Versions/A/CoreImage (compatibility version 1.0.1, current version 2.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 228.0.0)

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发现libSDL-1.2.0.dylib的查找路径为：/usr/local/opt/sdl/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib (compatibility version 12.0.0, current version 12.4.0) 
然而我的实际路径为：/usr/local/sdl1_2_15/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib (compatibility version 12.0.0, current version 12.4.0) 
自然就找不到了。。。 
使用工具install_name_tool来修改应用程序对动态库的查找路径，用法：

install_name_tool oldpath newpath /path2APP/appName 
针对前面的问题，使用如下命令就OK了。

install_name_tool -change /usr/local/opt/sdl/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib /usr/local/sdl1_2_15/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib /usr/local/bin/ffplay

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还有个问题，如果出现错误如下：

dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/libopencv_shape.3.2.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/******/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/imageEnhance-bjagxbzymzhmlkflyuypxbrechtu/Build/Products/Release/imageEnhance
  Reason: image not found

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说明运行时没有找到相应的库，那么在Runpath Search Paths中设置所需要的库的路基即可，如下图：