引入问题
为什么我不用conda init
每次安装conda或者miniconda时,我都不会运行conda init
命令。因为,这个命令会修改shell初始化过程,会powershell的autorun注册表,会修改.bathrc或者.zshrc,所以会让我感觉环境“不干净”了。
环境无法激活
不使用conda init
,可以指定conda命令的具体位置去运行命令,例如~/miniconda3/bin/conda env list
,~/miniconda3/bin/conda create --name temp python=3.10
许多命令都可以这样使用,单唯独~/miniconda3/bin/conda activate
命令无法使用
➜ ~ ~/miniconda3/bin/conda activate temp
CommandNotFoundError: Your shell has not been properly configured to use 'conda activate'.
To initialize your shell, run
$ conda init <SHELL_NAME>
Currently supported shells are:
- bash
- fish
- tcsh
- xonsh
- zsh
- powershell
See 'conda init --help' for more information and options.
IMPORTANT: You may need to close and restart your shell after running 'conda init'.
pycharm竟然可以激活
所以说pycharm打开terminal不是使用conda activate
激活的
解决问题
activate 为什么需要先 init
找到了关于conda activate
的官方文档,发现介绍conda init
的一段
https://conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/dev-guide/deep-dives/activation.html#conda-initialization
我简单总结下,shell里的conda命令主要作用是转发给python conda,因为activate|deactivate需要对当前shell回话进行导入导出变量,而python中只能修改调用的子shell的环境,所以不能代理activate|deactivate这两个命令。
cat ~/miniconda3/bin/conda
#!/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
# Before any more imports, leave cwd out of sys.path for internal 'conda shell.*' commands.
# see https://github.com/conda/conda/issues/6549
if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1].startswith('shell.') and sys.path and sys.path[0] == '':
# The standard first entry in sys.path is an empty string,
# and os.path.abspath('') expands to os.getcwd().
del sys.path[0]
if __name__ == '__main__':
from conda.cli import main
sys.exit(main())
激活原理
最底层的激活方式是,先生成激活脚本,在执行激活脚本
https://conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/dev-guide/deep-dives/activation.html#conda-initialization
例如,生成zsh激活的脚本
~/miniconda3/bin/conda shell.zsh activate test
PS1='(test) '
export PATH='/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/envs/test/bin:/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/condabin:老path'
export CONDA_PREFIX='/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/envs/test'
export CONDA_SHLVL='1'
export CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV='test'
export CONDA_PROMPT_MODIFIER='(test) '
export CONDA_EXE='/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/bin/conda'
export _CE_M=''
export _CE_CONDA=''
export CONDA_PYTHON_EXE='/Users/bestcondition/miniconda3/bin/python'
执行生成的脚本就会激活环境,直接生成加激活就是
eval "$(~/miniconda3/bin/conda shell.bash activate test)"
pycharm 应该就是用这样的方式激活的,但最终确认还是看pycharm community源码。