Python-Numpy(第十二周作业)

Generate matrices A, with random Gaussian entries, B, a Toeplitz matrix, where $A ∈ R^{n*m}$ and $B ∈ R^{m*m}$, for $n = 200$, $m = 500$.

import numpy as np
import scipy.linalg as sy
import time

# Prepare
print("Prepare")
n = 200
m = 500
A = np.asmatrix(np.random.normal(0, 1, (n, m)))
B = sy.toeplitz(range(m))

print("A:")
print(A)
print("B:")
print(B)

Exercise 9.1: Matrix operations
Calculate $A + A, AA^T,A^TA$ and $AB$. Write a function that computes $A(B - λI)$ for any $λ$.

# Exe 9.1
print("Exe 9.1")
print('A+A=:')
print(A + A)
print("A*A'=:")
print(A * A.T)
print("A'*A=:")
print(A.T * A)


def cal(lamb_da):
    return A * (B - lamb_da * np.eye(m, m))


lam = input("input lambda:")
print(cal(int(lam)))

Exercise 9.2: Solving a linear system
Generate a vector b with m entries and solve $Bx = b$.

# Exe 9.2
print("Exe 9.2")
b = np.asmatrix(np.random.random_integers(0, m, (m, 1)))
print(np.linalg.solve(B, b))

Exercise 9.3: Norms
Compute the Frobenius norm of $A: ||A||_F$ and the in nity norm of $B: ||B||_{\infty}$. Also nd the largest and smallest singular values of B.

# Exe 9.3
print("Exe 9.3")
U, S, VT = np.linalg.svd(B)
print(np.linalg.norm(A))
print(np.linalg.norm(B, np.inf))
print(S.max(), S.min())

Exercise 9.4: Power iteration
Generate a matrix $Z, n * n$, with Gaussian entries, and use the power iteration to nd the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of $Z$. How many iterations are needed till convergence?
Optional: use the time.clock() method to compare computation time when varying n.

# Exe 9.4
print("Exe 9.4")
while n < 2400:
    Z = np.asmatrix(np.random.normal(10, 0.1, (n, n)))
    beg = time.clock()
    eigvals, eigvts = np.linalg.eig(Z)
    end = time.clock()
    eigvts = eigvts.T
    iter = zip(eigvals, eigvts)
    maximum = eigvals[0], eigvts[0]
    for item in iter:
        if item[0] > maximum[0]: maximum = item
    print("largest eigenvalue: ", maximum[0])
    print("corresponding eigenvector: ", maximum[1])
    print("n: " + str(n) + " time: " + str(end - beg))
    n += 200

Exercise 9.5: Singular values
Generate an $n*n$ matrix, denoted by C, where each entry is 1 with probability p and 0 otherwise. Use the linear algebra library of Scipy to compute the singular values of C. What can you say about the relationship between n, p and the largest singular value?

# Exe 9.5
print("Exe 9.5")
for i in range(10):
    n = np.random.randint(200, 600)
    p = np.random.random()
    C = np.asmatrix(np.random.binomial(1, p, (n, n)))
    print("n: ", n, "p: ", p, "largest: ", n * p, sy.svd(C)[1].max())

结论：p ≈ largest singular value
Exercise 9.6: Nearest neighbor
Write a function that takes a value z and an array A and nds the element in A that is closest to z. The function should return the closest value, not index.
Hint: Use the built-in functionality of Numpy rather than writing code to nd this value manually. In particular, use brackets and argmin.

# Exe 9.6
print("Exe 9.6")
for i in range(10):
    n = np.random.randint(200, 600)
    A = np.random.normal(n, 12, (n, n))
    z = n
    A = np.fabs(A - np.asarray([np.ones(n) * z for j in range(n)]))
    index = np.argmin(A)
    print(z, A[index // n, index % n] + z)