行转列的需求如下,可以发现,行转列时其实是先group by,然后将每个组中的行转为列,使用case-when + 聚合函数,
每个由行转为列的列,都要使用case-when或when-case语句。case-when是怎么作用的呢?组中的每行都经过case-when,
如果组中有N行,那通过case-when就产生N个值,再使用聚合函数,变为一个单一值,即新列的值。
行转列
例如:把图1转换成图2结果展示
图1
图2
CREATE TABLE TEST_TB_GRADE
(
ID
int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
USER_NAME
varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
COURSE
varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
SCORE
float DEFAULT ‘0’,
PRIMARY KEY (ID
)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into TEST_TB_GRADE(USER_NAME, COURSE, SCORE) values
(“张三”, “数学”, 34),
(“张三”, “语文”, 58),
(“张三”, “英语”, 58),
(“李四”, “数学”, 45),
(“李四”, “语文”, 87),
(“李四”, “英语”, 45),
(“王五”, “数学”, 76),
(“王五”, “语文”, 34),
(“王五”, “英语”, 89);
行转列SQL:
SELECT user_name ,
MAX(CASE course WHEN ‘数学’ THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 数学,
MAX(CASE course WHEN ‘语文’ THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 语文,
MAX(CASE course WHEN ‘英语’ THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 英语
FROM test_tb_grade
GROUP BY USER_NAME;
列转行
例如:把图1转换成图3结果展示
列转行SQL:
select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
order by user_name,COURSE;