题目:
Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.
According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes p and q as the lowest node in T that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”
Given binary search tree: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5]_______6______ / \ ___2__ ___8__ / \ / \ 0 _4 7 9 / \ 3 5
Example 1:
Input: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5], p = 2, q = 8 Output: 6 Explanation: The LCA of nodes 2 and 8 is 6.
Example 2:
Input: root = [6,2,8,0,4,7,9,null,null,3,5], p = 2, q = 4 Output: 2 Explanation: The LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.
Note:
All of the nodes’ values will be unique.
p and q are different and both values will exist in the BST.
解释:
经典题目,最低公共祖先,用dfs做。
注意这里是BST,所以可以使用BST的特征,如果两个结点都比root小,那么在root的左子树寻找结果,如果两个结点的都比root大,那么在root的右子树上寻找,如果一个结点小于root(或者等于),另一个结点大于root(或者等于),这证明两个结点分别在root的左子树和右子树上,那么root就是他们最低的公共结点,返回root即可。
注意,一个结点可以是自己的祖先。
python代码:
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
# def __init__(self, x):
# self.val = x
# self.left = None
# self.right = None
class Solution(object):
def lowestCommonAncestor(self, root, p, q):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:type p: TreeNode
:type q: TreeNode
:rtype: TreeNode
"""
if p.val<root.val and q.val<root.val:
return self.lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q)
elif p.val>root.val and q.val>root.val:
return self.lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q)
else:
return root
c++代码:
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
int val=root->val;
if(p->val<val&&q->val<val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root->left,p,q);
else if (p->val>val &&q->val>val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root->right,p,q);
return root;
}
};
总结:
BST可以这么用,普通的二叉树就不行了哟~