MFC笔记 Windows程序内部运行原理

Windows程序设计中，不仅用户程序可以调用系统API函数，系统也可以调用用户程序，而且是通过消息来进行的。

WinMain函数的实现步骤：

1.WinMain函数的定义

int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,       // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,   // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,          // command line
  int nCmdShow                // show state
);

2.创建一个窗口

3.进行消息循环

BOOL GetMessage(
  LPMSG lpMsg,         // message information
  HWND hWnd,           // handle to window
  UINT wMsgFilterMin,  // first message
  UINT wMsgFilterMax   // last message
);

BOOL TranslateMessage(
  CONST MSG *lpMsg   // message information
);

LRESULT DispatchMessage(
  CONST MSG *lpmsg   // message information
);

4.编写窗口过程函数

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
);

创建一个完整的窗口需要经过下面四个操作步骤：

1.设计一个窗口类；

typedef struct _WNDCLASS { 
    UINT       style; 
    WNDPROC    lpfnWndProc; 
    int        cbClsExtra; 
    int        cbWndExtra; 
    HINSTANCE  hInstance; 
    HICON      hIcon; 
    HCURSOR    hCursor; 
    HBRUSH     hbrBackground; 
    LPCTSTR    lpszMenuName; 
    LPCTSTR    lpszClassName; 
} WNDCLASS, *PWNDCLASS; 

2.注册窗口类；

ATOM RegisterClass(
  CONST WNDCLASS *lpWndClass  // class data
);

3.创建窗口；

HWND CreateWindow(
  LPCTSTR lpClassName,  // registered class name
  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, // window name
  DWORD dwStyle,        // window style
  int x,                // horizontal position of window
  int y,                // vertical position of window
  int nWidth,           // window width
  int nHeight,          // window height
  HWND hWndParent,      // handle to parent or owner window
  HMENU hMenu,          // menu handle or child identifier
  HINSTANCE hInstance,  // handle to application instance
  LPVOID lpParam        // window-creation data
);

4.显示及更新窗口

BOOL ShowWindow(
  HWND hWnd,     // handle to window
  int nCmdShow   // show state
);

BOOL UpdateWindow(
  HWND hWnd   // handle to window
);

示例程序：

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>


LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
);


int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,      // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,  // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,          // command line
  int nCmdShow              // show state
)
{
WNDCLASS wndcls;
wndcls.cbClsExtra=0;
wndcls.cbWndExtra=0;
wndcls.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wndcls.hCursor=LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_CROSS);
wndcls.hIcon=LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_ERROR);
wndcls.hInstance=hInstance;
wndcls.lpfnWndProc=WinSunProc;
wndcls.lpszClassName="Weixin2003";
wndcls.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wndcls.style=CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
RegisterClass(&wndcls);


HWND hwnd;
hwnd=CreateWindow("Weixin2003","北京维新科学技术培训中心",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0,0,600,400,NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);


ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);


MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}


LRESULT CALLBACK WinSunProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
)
{
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_CHAR:
char szChar[20];
sprintf(szChar,"char is %d",wParam);
MessageBox(hwnd,szChar,"weixin",0);
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
MessageBox(hwnd,"mouse clicked","weixin",0);
HDC hdc;
hdc=GetDC(hwnd);
TextOut(hdc,0,50,"计算机编程语言培训",strlen("计算机编程语言培训"));
ReleaseDC(hwnd,hdc);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
hDC=BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
TextOut(hDC,0,0,"维新培训",strlen("维新培训"));
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
if(IDYES==MessageBox(hwnd,"是否真的结束？","weixin",MB_YESNO))
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}
return 0;
}

****************************************************************************************************************

1、UpdateWindow将WM_PAINT消息直接发送给窗口过程函数处理，没有放到消息队列中。

2、TranslateMessage函数用于将虚拟键消息转换为字符消息。它不会修改原有的消息，只是产生新的消息并投递到消息队列中。

3、DestroyWindow函数在销毁窗口后会发送WM_DESTROY消息。