C语言实现 平衡二叉树

#include 
#include 

typedef struct node {
    int key;
    int height;
    struct node *left;
    struct node *right;
} node;

int height(node *n) {
    if (n == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    return n->height;
}

int max(int a, int b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

node* new_node(int key) {
    node *n = (node*) malloc(sizeof(node));
    n->key = key;
    n->height = 1;
    n->left = NULL;
    n->right = NULL;
    return n;
}

node* right_rotate(node *y) {
    node *x = y->left;
    node *T2 = x->right;

    x->right = y;
    y->left = T2;

    y->height = max(height(y->left), height(y->right)) + 1;
    x->height = max(height(x->left), height(x->right)) + 1;

    return x;
}

node* left_rotate(node *x) {
    node *y = x->right;
    node *T2 = y->left;

    y->left = x;
    x->right = T2;

    x->height = max(height(x->left), height(x->right)) + 1;
    y->height = max(height(y->left), height(y->right)) + 1;

    return y;
}

int get_balance(node *n) {
    if (n == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    return height(n->left) - height(n->right);
}

node* insert(node *n, int key) {
    if (n == NULL) {
        return new_node(key);
    }

    if (key < n->key) {
        n->left = insert(n->left, key);
    } else if (key > n->key) {
        n->right = insert(n->right, key);
    } else {
        return n;
    }

    n->height = 1 + max(height(n->left), height(n->right));

    int balance = get_balance(n);

    if (balance > 1 && key < n->left->key) {
        return right_rotate(n);
    }

    if (balance < -1 && key > n->right->key) {
        return left_rotate(n);
    }

    if (balance > 1 && key > n->left->key) {
        n->left = left_rotate(n->left);
        return right_rotate(n);
    }

    if (balance < -1 && key < n->right->key) {
        n->right = right_rotate(n->right);
        return left_rotate(n);
    }

    return n;
}

node* min_value_node(node *n) {
    node *current = n;
    while (current->left != NULL) {
        current = current->left;
    }
    return current;
}

node* delete(node *root, int key) {
    if (root == NULL) {
        return root;
    }

    if (key < root->key) {
        root->left = delete(root->left, key);
    } else if (key > root->key) {
        root->right = delete(root->right, key);
    } else {
        if (root->left == NULL || root->right == NULL) {
            node *temp = root->left ? root->left : root->right;

            if (temp == NULL) {
                temp = root;
                root = NULL;
            } else {
                *root = *temp;
            }

            free(temp);
        } else {
            node *temp = min_value_node(root->right);
            root->key = temp->key;
            root->right = delete(root->right, temp->key);
        }
    }

    if (root == NULL) {
        return root;
    }

    root->height = 1 + max(height(root->left), height(root->right));

    int balance = get_balance(root);

    if (balance > 1 && get_balance(root->left) >= 0) {
        return right_rotate(root);
    }

    if (balance > 1 && get_balance(root->left) < 0) {
        root->left = left_rotate(root->left);
        return right_rotate(root);
    }

    if (balance < -1 && get_balance(root->right) <= 0) {
        return left_rotate(root);
    }

    if (balance < -1 && get_balance(root->right) > 0) {
        root->right = right_rotate(root->right);
        return left_rotate(root);

这段代码实现了一个二叉搜索树（BST），其中包括了插入、删除和AVL自平衡算法等操作。具体实现方式使用了结构体来表示节点，包含了键值、高度和左右子节点等属性，同时使用了指针来表示节点之间的关系。

其中，height函数用于计算节点的高度，max函数用于比较两个数的大小，new_node函数用于创建一个新的节点，right_rotate和left_rotate函数用于实现右旋和左旋操作，get_balance函数用于计算节点的平衡因子，insert函数用于插入节点并保证BST性质，delete函数用于删除节点并保证BST性质以及AVL自平衡算法。min_value_node函数用于查找节点的最小值。