python常用语句

python常用语句

1、创建文件时，在文件头部自动加入信息

引用自：https://blog.csdn.net/kaikai136412162/article/details/80843579

打开File -> Settings -> Editor -> File and Code Templates -> Python Script

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @Software  : ${PRODUCT_NAME}
# @CreateTime: ${YEAR}-${MONTH}-${DAY} ${HOUR}:${MINUTE}
# @Author    : ${USER}
# @File      : ${NAME}

import sys, time, pprint, json, re


def getCurrentTime():
    return time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')


def showMessage(lineno=sys._getframe().f_lineno, filename=__file__, *args):
    try:
        strLine = '"{}:{}"'.format(filename, lineno)
        strMessage = ''
        for strTxt in args:
            strMessage += str(strTxt)
        strPrint = '{} {}, {}'.format(getCurrentTime(), strLine, strMessage)
        print(strPrint)
    except Exception as e:
        strPrint = '{} {}, {}'.format(getCurrentTime(), sys._getframe().f_lineno, str(e))
        print('\n{}'.format(strPrint))
    finally:
        print()


def main():
    print("in main...")
    print("-=" * 90)
    showMessage()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("in startMain...")
    print("-=" * 90)
    main()

1、打印行号，

ref,https://blog.csdn.net/JohinieLi/article/details/80141669

print(__file__)

import sys
print('\nLine_{:0>5d} in {}'.format(sys._getframe().f_lineno, __file__))


x = 1234.56789
# Two decimal places of accuracy
In [2]: format(x, '0.2f') #无空格，小数保留2位
Out[2]: '1234.57'

# Right justified in 10 chars, one-digit accuracy
In [3]: format(x, '>10.1f') #数字输出靠右，总计长度为10，小数保留1位
Out[3]: '    1234.6'

# Left justified
In [4]: format(x, '<10.1f') #数字输出靠左，总计长度为10，小数保留1位
Out[4]: '1234.6    '

# Centered
In [5]: format(x, '^10.2f') #数字输出靠中，小数保留2位
Out[5]: ' 1234.57  '

# Inclusion of thousands separator
In [6]: format(x, ',') #指定逗号位数字的千分位分隔符
Out[6]: '1,234.56789'

In [7]:  format(x, '0,.1f') #无占位输出，用逗号作为分隔符，保留1位小数
Out[7]: '1,234.6'

2、打印日期

import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.now())	# type = datetime.datetime

import time
print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
print(time.strftime('%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S_.txt'))

3、中英文对齐

https://blog.csdn.net/lv1224/article/details/77678631 推荐使用
https://blog.csdn.net/Excaliburrr/article/details/76794451

4、python3.6 input() to byte

参考 Python3中内置类型bytes和str用法及byte和string之间各种编码转换

myInput = input('>>>') # 开始接收输入，无论输入什么，type(myInput) 恒等于 str
myInputList = myInput.split(' ') # 以空格分割输入串
iMyInputList = [int(strSub) for strSub in myInputList] # Convert str to int
sendByte = bytes(iMyInputList) # Convert intArray to bytes

5、爬虫时过滤表头行

position()>1
如：

trTags = response.xpath("//div[@id='container']/table//table[3]//tr[position()>1])
openData = trTags[0].xpath("./td[3]/text()").get()

6、正则提取小区名

import re
searchResult = re.match(r'(.*?)[A-Z\d+].*', oldName)
        if searchResult:
        	newName = searchResult.group(1)
            print(oldName, newName)

7、字典实现switch-case

# 地市区号链接 http://quhao.tianqi.com/shengfen-anhui/
def getLocalNet(localNet):
    return {
        "550": "滁州",
        "551": "合肥",
        "552": "蚌埠",
        "553": "芜湖",
        "554": "淮南",
        "555": "马鞍山",
        "556": "安庆",
        "557": "宿州",
        "558": "阜阳",
        "559": "黄山",
        "560": "亳州",
        "561": "淮北",
        "562": "铜陵",
        "563": "宣城",
        "564": "六安",
        "565": "巢湖",
        "566": "池州",
    }.get(localNet, 'error')  # 'error'为默认返回值，可自设置
cityName = getLocalNet('558') # 阜阳

8、由字符串 转为 属性 的 2 种方法

参考 Python中getattr、get、__getattr__和__getattribute__的区别

# cv is import cv2 as cv
# so cv is class

# and than

lineType = 'LINE_AA'
lineTypeAttr = getattr(cv, lineType)
lineTypeAttr = cv.__getattribute__(lineType) # 仅适用于 新式类