linux内核里的数据结构之双向链表

在linux内核的位置 include/linux/list.h 给出了双向链表的基本操作的宏定义。在这之前要理解list里的宏定义，需要明白include/linux/kernel.h 里container_of这个宏定义。

本文所有代码请前往linux kernel-list的应用免积分下载。

1.container_of的应用

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({			\
	const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);	\
	(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

offsetof这宏定义返回的是结构体成员MEMBER所在结构体里的偏移地址。container_of 宏定义根据结构体成员的地址返回的是整个结构体的地址，其中ptr是结构体成员member的地址，type是结构体的类型。

下面是是测试containe_of的demo。

#include<stdio.h>

struct score{
    int Chinese;
    int English;
};

struct student{
    char name[12];
    struct score score;
}stu={"Yancy",{85,89}};


#define offsetof(TYPE,MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

#define container_of(ptr,type,member) ( { \
    const typeof(((type *)0)->member) *__mptr = (ptr);\
    (type *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member));})


int main(int argc,char ** argv)
{
    struct student * stuPtr;

    int offset;

    struct score * myscore = &stu.score;

    printf("stu    :   %p\n",&stu);
    printf("myscore:   %p\n",myscore);

    stuPtr = container_of(myscore,struct student,score);

    printf("stuPtr :   %p\n",stuPtr);
    printf("name   :   %s\n",stuPtr->name);
    printf("Chinese:   %d\n",stuPtr->score.Chinese);
    printf("English:   %d\n",stuPtr->score.English);

    return 0;

运行结果：

我在接触到这个宏定义时，也有疑问通过结构体的一个成员找到整个结构体的地址有什么实际的用途，结构体的地址我们不是可以直接获取吗？因为我们没有用所以没有发现这个宏定义的好处，linux内核大量地使用到了这个宏定义。

2.双向链表的应用

list是双向链表的一个抽象，它定义在linux/include/types.h中

struct list_head {
	struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

内核定义了很多对list结构体操作的内联函数和宏。

初始化双向链表可以使用LIST_HEAD，也可以使用INIT_LIST_HEAD。初始化后list的prev和next指针都指向了自己。

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }

#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
	struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
	list->next = list;
	list->prev = list;
}

list_entry正是使用了container_of,通过该宏可以从list找到整个结构体的对象地址。

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:	the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:	the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
	container_of(ptr, type, member)

list_add:加一个成员到链表头。

list_add_tail:加一个成员到链表尾。

list_del:删除一个list成员。

list_empty:检查链表是否为空。

list_for_each:遍历链表。

list_for_each_safe:遍历链表，和list_for_each的区别是可以删除遍历的成员。

list_for_each_entry:遍历链表，通过container_of方法返回结构体指针。

.......

还其他的一些操作，可以自行摸索。

下面写一个list的例子，进一步理解内核的list。

kernel_list.h 是从内核里面裁剪出来的。

kernel_list.h 代码如下：

#ifndef KERNEL_LIST_H
#define KERNEL_LIST_H

#include <stddef.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/*
 * struct is from "linux/include/linux/types.h"
 */
struct list_head {
	struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

struct hlist_head {
	struct hlist_node *first;
};

struct hlist_node {
	struct hlist_node *next, **pprev;
};

#ifndef __GNUC__
#define typeof __typeof__
#endif

/*
 * from "linux/include/linux/kernel.h"
 */

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({			\
	const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);	\
	(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})

/*
 * below is from "linux/include/linux/list.h"
 * and remove some unused macros
 */

/*
 * Simple doubly linked list implementation.
 *
 * Some of the internal functions ("__xxx") are useful when
 * manipulating whole lists rather than single entries, as
 * sometimes we already know the next/prev entries and we can
 * generate better code by using them directly rather than
 * using the generic single-entry routines.
 */

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }

#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
	struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
	list->next = list;
	list->prev = list;
}

/*
 * Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *_new,
			      struct list_head *prev,
			      struct list_head *next)
{
	next->prev = _new;
	_new->next = next;
	_new->prev = prev;
	prev->next = _new;
}

/**
 * list_add - add a new entry
 * @_new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
static inline void list_add(struct list_head *_new, struct list_head *head)
{
	__list_add(_new, head, head->next);
}


/**
 * list_add_tail - add a new entry
 * @_new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it before
 *
 * Insert a new entry before the specified head.
 * This is useful for implementing queues.
 */
static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *_new, struct list_head *head)
{
	__list_add(_new, head->prev, head);
}

/*
 * Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries
 * point to each other.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_del(struct list_head * prev, struct list_head * next)
{
	next->prev = prev;
	prev->next = next;
}

/**
 * list_del - deletes entry from list.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 * Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
 * in an undefined state.
 */
static inline void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry)
{
	__list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
}

static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
	__list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
	entry->next = NULL;
	entry->prev = NULL;
}


/**
 * list_replace - replace old entry by new one
 * @old : the element to be replaced
 * @_new : the new element to insert
 *
 * If @old was empty, it will be overwritten.
 */
static inline void list_replace(struct list_head *old,
				struct list_head *_new)
{
	_new->next = old->next;
	_new->next->prev = _new;
	_new->prev = old->prev;
	_new->prev->next = _new;
}

static inline void list_replace_init(struct list_head *old,
					struct list_head *_new)
{
	list_replace(old, _new);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(old);
}

/**
 * list_del_init - deletes entry from list and reinitialize it.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 */
static inline void list_del_init(struct list_head *entry)
{
	__list_del_entry(entry);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(entry);
}

/**
 * list_move - delete from one list and add as another's head
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will precede our entry
 */
static inline void list_move(struct list_head *list, struct list_head *head)
{
	__list_del_entry(list);
	list_add(list, head);
}

/**
 * list_move_tail - delete from one list and add as another's tail
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will follow our entry
 */
static inline void list_move_tail(struct list_head *list,
				  struct list_head *head)
{
	__list_del_entry(list);
	list_add_tail(list, head);
}

/**
 * list_is_last - tests whether @list is the last entry in list @head
 * @list: the entry to test
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline int list_is_last(const struct list_head *list,
				const struct list_head *head)
{
	return list->next == head;
}

/**
 * list_empty - tests whether a list is empty
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_empty(const struct list_head *head)
{
	return head->next == head;
}

/**
 * list_empty_careful - tests whether a list is empty and not being modified
 * @head: the list to test
 *
 * Description:
 * tests whether a list is empty _and_ checks that no other CPU might be
 * in the process of modifying either member (next or prev)
 *
 * NOTE: using list_empty_careful() without synchronization
 * can only be safe if the only activity that can happen
 * to the list entry is list_del_init(). Eg. it cannot be used
 * if another CPU could re-list_add() it.
 */
static inline int list_empty_careful(const struct list_head *head)
{
	struct list_head *next = head->next;
	return (next == head) && (next == head->prev);
}

/**
 * list_rotate_left - rotate the list to the left
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline void list_rotate_left(struct list_head *head)
{
	struct list_head *first;

	if (!list_empty(head)) {
		first = head->next;
		list_move_tail(first, head);
	}
}

/**
 * list_is_singular - tests whether a list has just one entry.
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_is_singular(const struct list_head *head)
{
	return !list_empty(head) && (head->next == head->prev);
}

static inline void __list_cut_position(struct list_head *list,
		struct list_head *head, struct list_head *entry)
{
	struct list_head *new_first = entry->next;
	list->next = head->next;
	list->next->prev = list;
	list->prev = entry;
	entry->next = list;
	head->next = new_first;
	new_first->prev = head;
}

/**
 * list_cut_position - cut a list into two
 * @list: a new list to add all removed entries
 * @head: a list with entries
 * @entry: an entry within head, could be the head itself
 *	and if so we won't cut the list
 *
 * This helper moves the initial part of @head, up to and
 * including @entry, from @head to @list. You should
 * pass on @entry an element you know is on @head. @list
 * should be an empty list or a list you do not care about
 * losing its data.
 *
 */
static inline void list_cut_position(struct list_head *list,
		struct list_head *head, struct list_head *entry)
{
	if (list_empty(head))
		return;
	if (list_is_singular(head) &&
		(head->next != entry && head != entry))
		return;
	if (entry == head)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
	else
		__list_cut_position(list, head, entry);
}

static inline void __list_splice(const struct list_head *list,
				 struct list_head *prev,
				 struct list_head *next)
{
	struct list_head *first = list->next;
	struct list_head *last = list->prev;

	first->prev = prev;
	prev->next = first;

	last->next = next;
	next->prev = last;
}

/**
 * list_splice - join two lists, this is designed for stacks
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 */
static inline void list_splice(const struct list_head *list,
				struct list_head *head)
{
	if (!list_empty(list))
		__list_splice(list, head, head->next);
}

/**
 * list_splice_tail - join two lists, each list being a queue
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 */
static inline void list_splice_tail(struct list_head *list,
				struct list_head *head)
{
	if (!list_empty(list))
		__list_splice(list, head->prev, head);
}

/**
 * list_splice_init - join two lists and reinitialise the emptied list.
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 *
 * The list at @list is reinitialised
 */
static inline void list_splice_init(struct list_head *list,
				    struct list_head *head)
{
	if (!list_empty(list)) {
		__list_splice(list, head, head->next);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
	}
}

/**
 * list_splice_tail_init - join two lists and reinitialise the emptied list
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 *
 * Each of the lists is a queue.
 * The list at @list is reinitialised
 */
static inline void list_splice_tail_init(struct list_head *list,
					 struct list_head *head)
{
	if (!list_empty(list)) {
		__list_splice(list, head->prev, head);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
	}
}

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:	the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:	the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
	container_of(ptr, type, member)

/**
 * list_first_entry - get the first element from a list
 * @ptr:	the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:	the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Note, that list is expected to be not empty.
 */
#define list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) \
	list_entry((ptr)->next, type, member)

/**
 * list_last_entry - get the last element from a list
 * @ptr:	the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:	the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Note, that list is expected to be not empty.
 */
#define list_last_entry(ptr, type, member) \
	list_entry((ptr)->prev, type, member)
#define list_last_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) \
	(!list_empty(ptr) ? list_last_entry(ptr, type, member) : NULL)

/**
 * list_first_entry_or_null - get the first element from a list
 * @ptr:	the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:	the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Note that if the list is empty, it returns NULL.
 */
#define list_first_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) \
	(!list_empty(ptr) ? list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) : NULL)

/**
 * list_next_entry - get the next element in list
 * @pos:	the type * to cursor
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_next_entry(pos, member) \
	list_entry((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member)

/**
 * list_prev_entry - get the prev element in list
 * @pos:	the type * to cursor
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_prev_entry(pos, member) \
	list_entry((pos)->member.prev, typeof(*(pos)), member)

/**
 * list_for_each	-	iterate over a list
 * @pos:	the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_prev	-	iterate over a list backwards
 * @pos:	the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_prev(pos, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->prev; pos != (head); pos = pos->prev)

/**
 * list_for_each_safe - iterate over a list safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:	the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); \
		pos = n, n = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_prev_safe - iterate over a list backwards safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:	the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_prev_safe(pos, n, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->prev, n = pos->prev; \
	     pos != (head); \
	     pos = n, n = pos->prev)

/**
 * list_for_each_entry	-	iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)				\
	for (pos = list_first_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member);	\
	     &pos->member != (head);					\
	     pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_reverse - iterate backwards over list of given type.
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_reverse(pos, head, member)			\
	for (pos = list_last_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member);		\
	     &pos->member != (head); 					\
	     pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_prepare_entry - prepare a pos entry for use in list_for_each_entry_continue()
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a start point
 * @head:	the head of the list
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Prepares a pos entry for use as a start point in list_for_each_entry_continue().
 */
#define list_prepare_entry(pos, head, member) \
	((pos) ? : list_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_continue - continue iteration over list of given type
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Continue to iterate over list of given type, continuing after
 * the current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_continue(pos, head, member) 		\
	for (pos = list_next_entry(pos, member);			\
	     &pos->member != (head);					\
	     pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse - iterate backwards from the given point
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Start to iterate over list of given type backwards, continuing after
 * the current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(pos, head, member)		\
	for (pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member);			\
	     &pos->member != (head);					\
	     pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_from - iterate over list of given type from the current point
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type, continuing from current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_from(pos, head, member) 			\
	for (; &pos->member != (head);					\
	     pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over list of given type safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member)			\
	for (pos = list_first_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member),	\
		n = list_next_entry(pos, member);			\
	     &pos->member != (head); 					\
	     pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_continue - continue list iteration safe against removal
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type, continuing after current point,
 * safe against removal of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_continue(pos, n, head, member) 		\
	for (pos = list_next_entry(pos, member), 				\
		n = list_next_entry(pos, member);				\
	     &pos->member != (head);						\
	     pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_from - iterate over list from current point safe against removal
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type from current point, safe against
 * removal of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_from(pos, n, head, member) 			\
	for (n = list_next_entry(pos, member);					\
	     &pos->member != (head);						\
	     pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse - iterate backwards over list safe against removal
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate backwards over list of given type, safe against removal
 * of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(pos, n, head, member)		\
	for (pos = list_last_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member),		\
		n = list_prev_entry(pos, member);			\
	     &pos->member != (head); 					\
	     pos = n, n = list_prev_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_safe_reset_next - reset a stale list_for_each_entry_safe loop
 * @pos:	the loop cursor used in the list_for_each_entry_safe loop
 * @n:		temporary storage used in list_for_each_entry_safe
 * @member:	the name of the list_struct within the struct.
 *
 * list_safe_reset_next is not safe to use in general if the list may be
 * modified concurrently (eg. the lock is dropped in the loop body). An
 * exception to this is if the cursor element (pos) is pinned in the list,
 * and list_safe_reset_next is called after re-taking the lock and before
 * completing the current iteration of the loop body.
 */
#define list_safe_reset_next(pos, n, member)				\
	n = list_next_entry(pos, member)

/*
 * Double linked lists with a single pointer list head.
 * Mostly useful for hash tables where the two pointer list head is
 * too wasteful.
 * You lose the ability to access the tail in O(1).
 */

#define HLIST_HEAD_INIT { .first = NULL }
#define HLIST_HEAD(name) struct hlist_head name = {  .first = NULL }
#define INIT_HLIST_HEAD(ptr) ((ptr)->first = NULL)
static inline void INIT_HLIST_NODE(struct hlist_node *h)
{
	h->next = NULL;
	h->pprev = NULL;
}

static inline int hlist_unhashed(const struct hlist_node *h)
{
	return !h->pprev;
}

static inline int hlist_empty(const struct hlist_head *h)
{
	return !h->first;
}

static inline void __hlist_del(struct hlist_node *n)
{
	struct hlist_node *next = n->next;
	struct hlist_node **pprev = n->pprev;
	*pprev = next;
	if (next)
		next->pprev = pprev;
}

static inline void hlist_del(struct hlist_node *n)
{
	__hlist_del(n);
	n->next = NULL;
	n->pprev = NULL;
}

static inline void hlist_del_init(struct hlist_node *n)
{
	if (!hlist_unhashed(n)) {
		__hlist_del(n);
		INIT_HLIST_NODE(n);
	}
}

static inline void hlist_add_head(struct hlist_node *n, struct hlist_head *h)
{
	struct hlist_node *first = h->first;
	n->next = first;
	if (first)
		first->pprev = &n->next;
	h->first = n;
	n->pprev = &h->first;
}

/* next must be != NULL */
static inline void hlist_add_before(struct hlist_node *n,
					struct hlist_node *next)
{
	n->pprev = next->pprev;
	n->next = next;
	next->pprev = &n->next;
	*(n->pprev) = n;
}

static inline void hlist_add_after(struct hlist_node *n,
					struct hlist_node *next)
{
	next->next = n->next;
	n->next = next;
	next->pprev = &n->next;

	if(next->next)
		next->next->pprev  = &next->next;
}

/* after that we'll appear to be on some hlist and hlist_del will work */
static inline void hlist_add_fake(struct hlist_node *n)
{
	n->pprev = &n->next;
}

/*
 * Move a list from one list head to another. Fixup the pprev
 * reference of the first entry if it exists.
 */
static inline void hlist_move_list(struct hlist_head *old,
				   struct hlist_head *_new)
{
	_new->first = old->first;
	if (_new->first)
		_new->first->pprev = &_new->first;
	old->first = NULL;
}

#define hlist_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr,type,member)

#define hlist_for_each(pos, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->first; pos ; pos = pos->next)

#define hlist_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \
	for (pos = (head)->first; pos && ({ n = pos->next; 1; }); \
	     pos = n)

#define hlist_entry_safe(ptr, type, member) \
	({ typeof(ptr) ____ptr = (ptr); \
	   ____ptr ? hlist_entry(____ptr, type, member) : NULL; \
	})

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry	- iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)				\
	for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((head)->first, typeof(*(pos)), member);\
	     pos;							\
	     pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_continue - iterate over a hlist continuing after current point
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @member:	the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_continue(pos, member)			\
	for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member);\
	     pos;							\
	     pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_from - iterate over a hlist continuing from current point
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @member:	the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_from(pos, member)				\
	for (; pos;							\
	     pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over list of given type safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:	the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:		another &struct hlist_node to use as temporary storage
 * @head:	the head for your list.
 * @member:	the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member) 		\
	for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((head)->first, typeof(*pos), member);\
	     pos && ({ n = pos->member.next; 1; });			\
	     pos = hlist_entry_safe(n, typeof(*pos), member))



#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif

利用kernel_list的轮子写的一个双向链表的简单应用。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "kernel_list.h"

struct doubly_list{
    int to;
    struct list_head list;
    int from;

};


int main(int argc,char **argv){
    struct doubly_list *tmp;
    struct list_head *pos ,*q;
    unsigned int i;

    struct doubly_list mylist;

    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mylist.list);
    
    printf("insert new entry to mylist:\n");
    for(i=5;i!=0;--i){
        tmp = (struct doubly_list *)malloc(sizeof(struct doubly_list));

        printf("enter to and from:");
        scanf("%d %d",&tmp->to,&tmp->from);

        list_add_tail(&(tmp->list),&(mylist.list));
        //list_add(&(tmp->list),&(mylist.list));
    }

    printf("\n");

    printf("traversing the list using list_for_each:\n");

    list_for_each(pos,&mylist.list){
        
        tmp=list_entry(pos,struct doubly_list,list);

        printf("to=%d from=%d\n",tmp->to,tmp->from);

    }


    printf("\n");


    printf("traversing the list using list_for_each_entry:\n");

    list_for_each_entry(tmp,&mylist.list,list)
        printf("to=%d from = %d\n",tmp->to,tmp->from);

    printf("\n");


    printf("deleting the list using list_for_each_safe:\n");


    list_for_each_safe(pos,q,&mylist.list){
        
        tmp = list_entry(pos,struct doubly_list,list);
        printf("freeing item to= %d from=%d\n",tmp->to,tmp->from);
        list_del(pos);
        free(tmp);
    }

    return 0;

}

运行结果如下：