最近因为一些原因重新回到了java的怀抱,作为自己的第一个自学的纯面向对象的语言,对它的感情其实还是蛮深的,最近又在课上听到老师说过一个关于矩阵求逆的小程序,自己一时手热边用java完成了关于矩阵的功能。
首先说矩阵,相信很多工科的同胞们都被其饱受折磨。可它的应用范围极广我们也不得不学,总之又爱又恨。关于矩阵类的实现,绝大多数C++程序员是用数组和指针实现的,大部分java工程师也是用数组实现的。而且我在网上搜过相关的博文,大部分人都只完成了int型一种矩阵,笔者这次在JAVA的Vector的前提下完成了int,float,double三种类型的矩阵,也算是对java的容器和数据类型及运算做了一个总结,说实话java确实不适合数据运算,它不支持运算符重载的缺陷型让一些数据计算变得很繁琐。有兴趣的笔友们可以在python或者C++的基础上完成矩阵类的编写。
一,如何实现矩阵类
public Vector data;
public final static int MAT_INT = 1;
public final static int MAT_FLOAT = 2;
public final static int MAT_DOUBLE = 3;
public int MAT_TYPE = 1;
public int rows;
public int cols;
从上面我们可以看到,笔者定义了一个存放矩阵数据的容器,三种矩阵类型参数,分别代表了int,float,double以及代表矩阵类型的MAT_TYPE,我们默认矩阵是int型的,毕竟这种类型最多。另外还有矩阵的大小参数rows,cols即矩阵的行数,列数。
/**
* @param rows 矩阵的行数,相当于y坐标
* @param cols 矩阵的列数,相当如x坐标
* @param type 矩阵的类型,int,float,double三种
*/
public Mat(int rows, int cols, int type) {
this.rows = rows;
this.cols = cols;
switch (type) {
case MAT_INT:
int zerosi = 0;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Integer>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, zerosi);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
break;
case MAT_FLOAT:
float zerosf = 0;
this.MAT_TYPE = 2;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Float>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, zerosf);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
break;
case MAT_DOUBLE:
this.MAT_TYPE = 3;
float zerosd = 0;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Double>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, zerosd);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public Mat(int rows, int cols) {
this.rows = rows;
this.cols = cols;
int zeros = 0;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Integer>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, zeros);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
}
public Mat() {
this(5, 5);
}
/**
* @param num 以数组的方式来构造矩阵
*/
public Mat(int num[][]) {
this.rows = num.length;
this.cols = num[0].length;
this.MAT_TYPE = MAT_INT;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Integer>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, num[i][j]);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
}
public Mat(float num[][]) {
this.rows = num.length;
this.cols = num[0].length;
this.MAT_TYPE = MAT_FLOAT;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Float>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, num[i][j]);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
}
public Mat(double num[][]) {
this.rows = num.length;
this.cols = num[0].length;
this.MAT_TYPE = MAT_DOUBLE;
data = new Vector<Vector>(rows);
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = new Vector<Double>(cols);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.add(j, num[i][j]);
}
data.add(i, v);
}
}
笔者定义了很多的Mat类的构造函数,包括默认的int型初始化和指定类型的初始化和相应的数组初始化。
/**
* 输出矩阵中的内容
*/
public void print() {
System.out.println("[");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
System.out.print(v.get(j) + ",");
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("]");
}
/**
* 将矩阵中的元素全部置0
*/
public void zeros() {
if (MAT_TYPE == MAT_INT) {
int zerosi = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.set(j, zerosi);
}
data.set(i, v);
}
} else if (MAT_TYPE == MAT_FLOAT) {
float zerosf = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.set(j, zerosf);
}
data.set(i, v);
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
double zerosd = 0;
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.set(j, zerosd);
}
data.set(i, v);
}
}
}
/**
* 将矩阵中的元素全部置1
*/
public void ones() {
if (MAT_TYPE == MAT_INT) {
int onesi = 1;
for (int x = 0; x < rows; x++) {
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(x);
for (int y = 0; y < cols; y++) {
v.set(y, onesi);
}
data.set(x, v);
}
} else if (MAT_TYPE == MAT_FLOAT) {
float onesf = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.set(j, onesf);
}
data.set(i, v);
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
double onesd = 1;
Vector v = (Vector) data.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
v.set(j, onesd);
}
data.set(i, v);
}
}
}