对于每个数据文件至少包含3个函数:get(读下一个记录),set,end
1、根据口令文件(/etc/passwd)得到passwd结构(/usr/include/pwd.h)
struct passwd
{
char *pw_name; /* Username. */
char *pw_passwd; /* Password. */
__uid_t pw_uid; /* User ID. */
__gid_t pw_gid; /* Group ID. */
char *pw_gecos; /* Real name. */
char *pw_dir; /* Home directory. */
char *pw_shell; /* Shell program. */
};
//根据uid或用户名得到结构
struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name);
//下面是三个函数被上面函数调用
//返回口令文件头部
void setpwent(void);
//返回口令文件的下一个记录项
struct passwd *getpwent(void);
//关闭文件
void endpwent(void);
struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name)
{
struct passwd *ptr;
setpwent();
while((ptr = getpwent()) != NULL)
{
if(strcmp(name, ptr->pw_name) == 0)
break;
}
endpwent();
return(ptr);
}
2、阴影文件-加密文件的另一个存放文件,阴影文件对应的结构
/etc/shadow 和 /usr/include/shadow.h
struct spwd
{
char *sp_namp; /* Login name. */
char *sp_pwdp; /* Encrypted password. */
long int sp_lstchg; /* Date of last change. */
long int sp_min; /* Minimum number of days between changes. */
long int sp_max; /* Maximum number of days between changes. */
long int sp_warn; /* Number of days to warn user to change
the password. */
long int sp_inact; /* Number of days the account may be
inactive. */
long int sp_expire; /* Number of days since 1970-01-01 until
account expires. */
unsigned long int sp_flag; /* Reserved. */
};
struct spwd *getspanam(const char *name);
struct spwd *getspent(void);
void setspent(void);
void endspend(void);
3、组文件和结构,类似上面
/etc/group 和 /usr/include/grp.h
struct group
{
char *gr_name; /* Group name. */
char *gr_passwd; /* Password. */
__gid_t gr_gid; /* Group ID. */
char **gr_mem; /* Member list. */
};
struct group *getgrgid(gid_t gid);
struct group *getgrnam(const char *name);
struct group *getgrent(void);
void setgrent(void);
void endgrent(void);
4、附属组,一个用户可能属于多个组,当前组和一些附属组
//把进程所属用户的各附属ID写到参数grouplist[]中
int getgroups(int gidsetsize, git_t grouplist[]);
//为进程所属用户设置附属ID
int setgroups(int ngroups, const git_t grouplist[]);
5、登录信息记录,utmp文件记录当前登录到系统的各个用户(var/run/utmp);wtmp文件跟踪各个登录和注销事件(var/log/wtmp)。有结构与文件对应
6、系统标识
int uname(struct utsname *name);
7、时间和日期
协调世界时:公元1970年1月1日00:00:00这一时间以来经过的秒数。
//返回当前时间和日期(从实时系统时钟获取),也存到calptr指向的地址
time_t time(time_t *calptr);
//获取特定时钟时间,clock_id可以是
CLOCK_REALTIME 实时系统时间
CLOCK_MONOTONIC、 不带负跳数的实时系统时间
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID、调用进程的CPU时间
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_UP 调用线程的CPU时间
//struct timespec 时间转化为秒和纳秒存放,该函数比上个函数得到时间精度高
int clock_gettime(clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *tsp);
//根据不同时钟,转换时间为不同精度
int clock_getres(clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *tsp);
//设置特定时钟的时间
int clock_settime(clockid_t clock_id, const struct timespec *tsp);
struct timespec
{
__time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds. */
long int tv_nsec; /* Nanoseconds. */
};
struct tm
{
int tm_sec; /* Seconds. [0-60] (1 leap second) */
int tm_min; /* Minutes. [0-59] */
int tm_hour; /* Hours. [0-23] */
int tm_mday; /* Day. [1-31] */
int tm_mon; /* Month. [0-11] */
int tm_year; /* Year - 1900. */
int tm_wday; /* Day of week. [0-6] */
int tm_yday; /* Days in year.[0-365] */
int tm_isdst; /* DST. [-1/0/1]*/
#ifdef __USE_BSD
long int tm_gmtoff; /* Seconds east of UTC. */
__const char *tm_zone; /* Timezone abbreviation. */
#else
long int __tm_gmtoff; /* Seconds east of UTC. */
__const char *__tm_zone; /* Timezone abbreviation. */
#endif
};
//时间转换,分解时间-日历时间
struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *calptr);
struct tm *localtime(const time_t *calptr);
time_t mktime(struct tm *tmptr);和gmtime相反
时间格式定制
//tmptr待处理对象,format格式控制,buf输出到buf,maxsize buf长度
size_t strftime(char *restrict buf, size_t maxsize, const char *restrict format, const struct tm *restrict tmptr);
//和上面相反
char *strptime(char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, const struct tm *restrict tmptr);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
time_t t;
struct tm *tmp;
char buf[64];
time(&t);
tmp = localtime(&t);
strftime(buf, 64, "time and date: %r, %d %b %d, %Y ", tmp);
printf("%s\n",buf);
exit(0);
}
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