大型网站的缓存设计Guava+redis实现多级缓存

应用场景

当缓存服务器重启或者大量缓存集中在某一个时间段失效，这样在失效的时候，也会给后端系统带来很大压力。突然间大量的key失效了或redis重启，大量访问数据库，数据库崩溃，这时候就需要设置一个本地缓存作为二级缓存来解决这个问题。

本地缓存的应用场景：

• 对性能有非常高的要求
• 不经常变化
• 占用内存不大
• 有访问整个集合的需求
• 数据允许不时时一致

实现原理

数据从服务层读取，然后放到本地缓存中（Guava），如果出现超时或读取为空，则返回原来本地缓存的数据。这样如果出现分布式缓存redis挂掉等情况，依然可以从本地缓存中获取到数据，不会出现项目的瘫痪。

代码逻辑

引入maven坐标

	<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>28.2-jre</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

具体逻辑实现部分，先从本地缓存Guava Cache中获取要查询的数据，如果没有则从redis中查询，如果redis 中也没有，则去mysql中查询，最后回写到redis，再回写到本地缓存Guava Cache中返回查询结果

@Service
public class PositionServiceImpl implements PositionService {

    @Autowired
    PositionMapper positionMapper;

    @Autowired
    RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    private static Cache<Object, Object> cache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().expireAfterWrite(5,TimeUnit.SECONDS).build();

    @Override
    public List<Position> getHotPosition() throws ExecutionException {
		//从guava本地缓存中获取数据，如果没有则从redis中回源
        Object value = cache.get("position", new Callable() {
            @Override
            public Object call() throws Exception {

                return getHotPositionListFromRedis();
            }
        });

        if(value != null){
            return (List<Position>)value;
        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Position> getHotPositionListFromRedis()  {

        Object position = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("position");
        System.out.println("从redis中获取数据");

        if(position == null) {
            //从mysql中获取数据
            List<Position> positionList = positionMapper.select(null);
            System.out.println("从mysql中获取数据");

            //同步至redis
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("position",positionList);
            System.out.println("同步至redis");

            redisTemplate.expire("position",5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            return positionList;
        }

        return (List<Position>)position;
    }

}

调用查询接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("position")
public class PositionController {

    @Autowired
    PositionService positionService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<Position> getHotPosition() throws ExecutionException {

        List<Position> result = positionService.getHotPosition();

        return result;
    }

}

实体类

@Table(name = "t_position")
public class Position implements Serializable {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

Mapper

@org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper
public interface PositionMapper extends Mapper<Position> {
}

配置文件信息

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/lg?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=docker

logging.level.com.cache.cachework.dao.mapper=debug

spring.redis.cluster.nodes=127.0.0.1:7001,127.0.0.1:7002,127.0.0.1:7003,127.0.0.1:7004,127.0.0.1:7005,127.0.0.1:7006
spring.redis.database=0
spring.redis.timeout=5000

效果演示

首次请求，回源操作从mysql->redis->cache

然后把redis停掉，模拟宕机，继续请求
从本地缓存Guava Cache中获取到查询结果