C#父类构造中实例化子类，导致堆栈溢出

    首先要了解一点，实例化子类时，会调用父类的构造函数，这也是子类中可以访问到父类中除私有变量外的其他变量的原因。

1.最简单应用

    创建控制台应用，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            B b = new B();
        }
    }
    public class A
    {
        public int param;
        public A()
        {
            param = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of A has been created!");
        }
    }
    public class B:A
    {
        public B()
        {
            param = 1;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of B has been created!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

        输出结果如下：

2.溢出情况

    在父类A中存在其子类对象B，并且A的默认构造函数中会将子类B的子类赋值给共有变量_b（即使是私有变量亦会溢出）。下方代码无论是实例化A还是B都会导致溢出。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            A a = new A();//StackOverflowException
            //B b = new B();//StackOverflowException
        }
    }
    public class A
    {
        public int param;
        public B _b;
        public A()
        {
            param = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of A has been created!");
            //the reason of StackOverflowException
            _b = new B();
        }
    }
    public class B:A
    {
        public B()
        {
            param = 1;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of B has been created!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

 

    运行结果如下：

3.问题原因

    如篇头所述，在实例化子类的过程中会调用父类构造函数（父类存在多个构造函数使用:base()继承特定构造函数的方法在此不再赘述），故切记不可在父类中实例化子类对象，否则一定会造成堆栈溢出的错误。若需要在父类A中添加子类的实例B，可以对实例化后的父类对象中B类型的变量进行赋值，如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            A a = new A();
            a._b = new B();
            //B b = new B();//StackOverflowException
        }
    }
    public class A
    {
        public int param;
        public B _b;
        public A()
        {
            param = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of A has been created!");
            //the reason of StackOverflowException
            //_b = new B();
        }
    }
    public class B : A
    {
        public B()
        {
            param = 1;
            Console.WriteLine("The instance of B has been created!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

    运行结果如下：