linux下socket编程 select实现非阻塞模式多台客户端与服务器通信

 

select函数原型如下：

int select (int maxfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);

select系统调用是用来让我们的程序监视多个文件句柄(socket 句柄)的状态变化的。程序会停在select这里等待，直到被监视的文件句柄有一个或多个发生了状态改变

有一片博文写得非常详细易理解http://blog.csdn.net/lingfengtengfei/article/details/12392449。推荐大家看看，这里就不说了。

主要贴代码，参考的也是别人的代码，但是发现有BUG，努力修正后实现多台客户段与一台服务器通信：在非阻塞模式下，服务器和客户端可以自由发消息，不必等待回答，目前服务器发的消息，所有客户端都会收到此消息。读者可以自己改一下，让服务器与指定的客户端通信(可以通过键盘输入要通信的客户端编号来控制，或者用栈或队列来保存客户端编号，服务器在分别发送消息)：

服务器端代码：

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<netinet/in.h>

#include<sys/socket.h>

#include<arpa/inet.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#define BACKLOG 5 //完成三次握手但没有accept的队列的长度

#define CONCURRENT_MAX 8 //应用层同时可以处理的连接

#define SERVER_PORT 11332

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024

#define QUIT_CMD ".quit"

int client_fds[CONCURRENT_MAX];

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])

{

char input_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];

char recv_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];

//本地地址

struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 8);

//创建socket

int server_sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if(server_sock_fd == -1)

{

perror("socket error");

return 1;

}

//绑定socket

int bind_result = bind(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

if(bind_result == -1)

{

perror("bind error");

return 1;

}

//listen

if(listen(server_sock_fd, BACKLOG) == -1)

{

perror("listen error");

return 1;

}

//fd_set

fd_set server_fd_set;

int max_fd = -1;

struct timeval tv;  //超时时间设置

while(1)

{

tv.tv_sec = 20;

tv.tv_usec = 0;

FD_ZERO(&server_fd_set);

FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &server_fd_set);

if(max_fd <STDIN_FILENO)

{

max_fd = STDIN_FILENO;

}

//printf("STDIN_FILENO=%d\n", STDIN_FILENO);

//服务器端socket

FD_SET(server_sock_fd, &server_fd_set);

// printf("server_sock_fd=%d\n", server_sock_fd);

if(max_fd < server_sock_fd)

{

max_fd = server_sock_fd;

}

//客户端连接

for(int i =0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)

{

//printf("client_fds[%d]=%d\n", i, client_fds[i]);

if(client_fds[i] != 0)

{

FD_SET(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set);

if(max_fd < client_fds[i])

{

max_fd = client_fds[i];

}

}

}

int ret = select(max_fd + 1, &server_fd_set, NULL, NULL, &tv);

if(ret < 0)

{

perror("select 出错\n");

continue;

}

else if(ret == 0)

{

printf("select 超时\n");

continue;

}

else

{

//ret 为未状态发生变化的文件描述符的个数

if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &server_fd_set))

{

printf("发送消息：\n");

bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);

fgets(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);

//输入“.quit"则退出服务器

if(strcmp(input_msg, QUIT_CMD) == 0)

{

exit(0);

}

for(int i = 0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)

{

if(client_fds[i] != 0)

{

printf("client_fds[%d]=%d\n", i, client_fds[i]);

send(client_fds[i], input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);

}

}

}

if(FD_ISSET(server_sock_fd, &server_fd_set))

{

//有新的连接请求

struct sockaddr_in client_address;

socklen_t address_len;

int client_sock_fd = accept(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &address_len);

printf("new connection client_sock_fd = %d\n", client_sock_fd);

if(client_sock_fd > 0)

{

int index = -1;

for(int i = 0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)

{

if(client_fds[i] == 0)

{

index = i;

client_fds[i] = client_sock_fd;

break;

}

}

if(index >= 0)

{

printf("新客户端(%d)加入成功 %s:%d\n", index, inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr), ntohs(client_address.sin_port));

}

else

{

bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);

strcpy(input_msg, "服务器加入的客户端数达到最大值,无法加入!\n");

send(client_sock_fd, input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);

printf("客户端连接数达到最大值，新客户端加入失败 %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr), ntohs(client_address.sin_port));

}

}

}

for(int i =0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)

{

if(client_fds[i] !=0)

{

if(FD_ISSET(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set))

{

//处理某个客户端过来的消息

bzero(recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);

long byte_num = recv(client_fds[i], recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);

if (byte_num > 0)

{

if(byte_num > BUFFER_SIZE)

{

byte_num = BUFFER_SIZE;

}

recv_msg[byte_num] = '\0';

printf("客户端(%d):%s\n", i, recv_msg);

}

else if(byte_num < 0)

{

printf("从客户端(%d)接受消息出错.\n", i);

}

else

{

FD_CLR(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set);

client_fds[i] = 0;

printf("客户端(%d)退出了\n", i);

}

}

}

}

}

}

return 0;

}

客户端代码：

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<netinet/in.h>

#include<sys/socket.h>

#include<arpa/inet.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<unistd.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024


int main(int argc, const char * argv[])

{

struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

server_addr.sin_port = htons(11332);

server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 8);


int server_sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if(server_sock_fd == -1)

{

perror("socket error");

return 1;

}

char recv_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];

char input_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];


if(connect(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == 0)

{

fd_set client_fd_set;

struct timeval tv;


while(1)

{

tv.tv_sec = 20;

tv.tv_usec = 0;

FD_ZERO(&client_fd_set);

FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &client_fd_set);

FD_SET(server_sock_fd, &client_fd_set);


select(server_sock_fd + 1, &client_fd_set, NULL, NULL, &tv);

if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &client_fd_set))

{

bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);

fgets(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);

if(send(server_sock_fd, input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0) == -1)

{

perror("发送消息出错!\n");

}

}

if(FD_ISSET(server_sock_fd, &client_fd_set))

{

bzero(recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);

long byte_num = recv(server_sock_fd, recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);

if(byte_num > 0)

{

if(byte_num > BUFFER_SIZE)

{

byte_num = BUFFER_SIZE;

}

recv_msg[byte_num] = '\0';

printf("服务器:%s\n", recv_msg);

}

else if(byte_num < 0)

{

printf("接受消息出错!\n");

}

else

{

printf("服务器端退出!\n");

exit(0);

}

}

}

//}

}

return 0;

}

调试时发现，select函数每次调用后，如果超时，都会把

1. struct timeval tv 设置为0，这样再次调用select时它会立即返回，根本不会监视socket句柄，导致一个超时的死循环。

2. 所以每次调用select之后都要重新给struct timeval tv 赋值。