深入剖析tomcat(一)--一个简单的web服务器

一个简单的web服务器

本系列博客为《深入Tomcat》一书的读书笔记，我也是从这本书开始接触Tomcat

• http协议
• socket
• ServerSocket类
• 应用程序

---

http协议

http使用的是可靠的Tcp连接，默认使用Tcp80端口，总是由客户建立连接并发送http请求来初始化一个事物的。

http请求
一个http请求包含以下三个部分：

• 请求方法——统一资源标识符（URI）——协议/版本
• 请求头
• 实体

在请求头和请求实体正文之间有一个空行，该空行只有CRLF符（回车换行符），这个空行对http请求格式非常重要

http响应
与http请求类似，http响应也包括三部分：

• 
  
• 协议（如htttp/1.1）——状态码——描述
• 响应头
• 响应实体段
  

同样，响应头和响应实体正文之间由只包含CRLF的一个空行分隔。

socket类

创建一个简单的socket例子用于与本地http服务器通信，发送http请求，接受服务器的响应信息:

 package firstSection;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class SocketTest {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        try {
            Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);
            OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
            PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(os, true);
            BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

            //send a http request
            out.println("GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.1");
            out.println("Host: localhost:8080");
            out.println("Connection:close");
            out.println();

            //read the response
            StringBuffer s=new StringBuffer(8096);
            boolean loop=true;
            while(loop){
                if(reader.ready()){
                    int i=0;
                    while(i!=-1){
                        i=reader.read();
                        s.append((char)i);
                    }
                    loop=false;
                }
                Thread.currentThread().sleep(50);
            }
            System.out.print(s.toString());
            socket.close();

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

注意防火墙可能会是程序失败

ServerSocket类

构造函数：

new ServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress bindAddr) throws IOException//backlog表示服务器子啊拒绝接受传入的请求之前，传入请求的最大队列长度，backlog 参数必须是大于 0 的正值。如果传递的值等于或小于 0，则使用默认值

应用程序

该程序仅仅发送位于指定目录的的静态资源请求，如html文件和图片文件，他可以将接收的http请求字节流打印到控制台，但是并不能发送任何头信息到浏览器，如日期和cookies等

HttpServer类：

package firstSection;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class HttpServer {

    /**
     * web_root is the directory where our html and other files reside.
     * for this package web_root is the "web_root"directory under the working directory
     * the working directory is the location in the file system from where the java command was invoke  
     */

    public static final String WEB_ROOT=System.getProperty("user.dir")+File.separator+"webroot";

    public static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND="/SHUTDOWN";

    private boolean shutdown=false;

    public static void main(String []args){
        HttpServer server=new HttpServer();
        server.await();
    }
    public void await(){
        ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
        int port=8080;
        try {
            serverSocket=new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while(!shutdown){
            Socket socket=null;
            InputStream in=null;
            OutputStream out =null;
            try {
                socket=serverSocket.accept();
                in=socket.getInputStream();
                out=socket.getOutputStream();

                //parse request 
                Request request=new Request(in);
                request.parse();

                //create response obj
                Response response=new Response(out);
                response.setrequest(request);
                response.sendStaticResourse();

                //close the soclet
                socket.close();

                shutdown=request.geturi().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
                continue;
            }

        }

    }
}

Request类:

package firstSection;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class Request {
    private InputStream in;
    private String uri;
    public Request(InputStream in){
        this.in=in;
    }
    public void parse(){
        StringBuffer req=new StringBuffer(2048);
        int i;
        byte[] buffer=new byte[2048];
        try {
            i=in.read(buffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            i=-1;
        }
        for(int j=0;j<i;j++){
            req.append((char)buffer[j]);
        }

        System.out.print(req.toString());
        uri=parseUri(req.toString());
    }
    private String parseUri(String requestString){
        int index1,index2;
        index1=requestString.indexOf(' ');
        if(index1!=-1){
            index2=requestString.indexOf(' ', index1+1);
            if(index2>index1){
                return requestString.substring(index1+1, index2);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    public String geturi(){
        return uri;

    }
}

Response类:

package firstSection;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

public class Response {
    private Request request; 
    private OutputStream out=null;
    public static final int BUFFER_SIZE=1024;
    public Response(OutputStream out){
        this.out=out;
    }
    public void setrequest(Request request){
        this.request=request;
    }
    public void sendStaticResourse()throws IOException{
        FileInputStream fis=null;
        byte []bytes=new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
        try {
            File file=new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT,request.geturi()); 
            if(file.exists()){
                fis=new FileInputStream(file);
                int re=fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
                while(re!=-1){
                    out.write(bytes, 0, re);
                    re=fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
                }   
            }
            else {
                String errorMessage="HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n"+
                        "Content-type: text/html\r\n"+
                        "Content_Length:23\r\n"+
                        "\r\n"+
                        "<h1> file not found</h1>";
                out.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fis!=null){
                fis.close();
            }
        }

    }
}