java同步基石AQS

[paper传送门](http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/papers/aqs.pdf)

UNSAFE -> CompareAndSet(CAS) -> AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS) 

/**
 * Provides a framework for implementing blocking locks and related
 * synchronizers (semaphores, events, etc) that rely on
 * first-in-first-out (FIFO) wait queues.  This class is designed to
 * be a useful basis for most kinds of synchronizers that rely on a
 * single atomic <tt>int</tt> value to represent state. Subclasses
 * must define the protected methods that change this state, and which
 * define what that state means in terms of this object being acquired
 * or released.  Given these, the other methods in this class carry
 * out all queuing and blocking mechanics. Subclasses can maintain
 * other state fields, but only the atomically updated <tt>int</tt>
 * value manipulated using methods {@link #getState}, {@link
 * #setState} and {@link #compareAndSetState} is tracked with respect
 * to synchronization.

 */

     *      +------+  prev +-----+       +-----+
     * head |      | <---- |     | <---- |     |  tail
     *      +------+       +-----+       +-----+

在AQS中维护着一个FIFO的同步队列，当线程获取同步状态失败后，则会加入到这个CLH同步队列的对尾并一直保持着自旋。在CLH同步队列中的线程在自旋时会判断其前驱节点是否为首节点，如果为首节点则不断尝试获取同步状态，获取成功则退出CLH同步队列。当线程执行完逻辑后，会释放同步状态，释放后会唤醒其后继节点。

　它维护了一个volatile int state（代表共享资源）和一个FIFO线程等待队列（多线程争用资源被阻塞时会进入此队列）。这里volatile是核心关键词，具体volatile的语义，在此不述。state的访问方式有三种:

• getState()
• setState()
• compareAndSetState()

　　AQS定义两种资源共享方式：Exclusive（独占，只有一个线程能执行，如ReentrantLock）和Share（共享，多个线程可同时执行，如Semaphore/CountDownLatch）。

ReentrantLock的公平和非公平如何实现的呢？它内部有几个类

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync

static final class FairSync extends Sync

对于State都是tryAcquire方法

FairSync :

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {

final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();

int c = getState();

if (c == 0) {

if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&

compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {

setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);

return true;

}

}

else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {

int nextc = c + acquires;

if (nextc < 0)

throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");

setState(nextc);

return true;

}

return false;

}

FairSync ：

protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {

return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);

}

final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {

final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();

int c = getState();

if (c == 0) {

if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {

setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);

return true;

}

}

else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {

int nextc = c + acquires;

if (nextc < 0) // overflow

throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");

setState(nextc);

return true;

}

return false;

}

可以发现区别在于hasQueuedPredecessors()方法

public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {

// The correctness of this depends on head being initialized

// before tail and on head.next being accurate if the current

// thread is first in queue.

Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order

Node h = head;

Node s;

return h != t &&

((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());

}