AQS

paper传送门

/**

* Provides a framework for implementing blocking locks and related

* synchronizers (semaphores, events, etc) that rely on

* first-in-first-out (FIFO) wait queues.  This class is designed to

* be a useful basis for most kinds of synchronizers that rely on a

* single atomic int value to represent state. Subclasses

* must define the protected methods that change this state, and which

* define what that state means in terms of this object being acquired

* or released.  Given these, the other methods in this class carry

* out all queuing and blocking mechanics. Subclasses can maintain

* other state fields, but only the atomically updated int

* value manipulated using methods {@link #getState}, {@link

* #setState} and {@link #compareAndSetState} is tracked with respect

* to synchronization.

*/

*      +------+  prev +-----+       +-----+

* head |      | <---- |     | <---- |     |  tail

*      +------+       +-----+       +-----+

在AQS中维护着一个FIFO的同步队列，当线程获取同步状态失败后，则会加入到这个CLH同步队列的对尾并一直保持着自旋。在CLH同步队列中的线程在自旋时会判断其前驱节点是否为首节点，如果为首节点则不断尝试获取同步状态，获取成功则退出CLH同步队列。当线程执行完逻辑后，会释放同步状态，释放后会唤醒其后继节点。

它维护了一个volatile int state（代表共享资源）和一个FIFO线程等待队列（多线程争用资源被阻塞时会进入此队列）。这里volatile是核心关键词，具体volatile的语义，在此不述。state的访问方式有三种:

getState()

setState()

compareAndSetState()

AQS定义两种资源共享方式：

• Exclusive（独占，只有一个线程能执行，如ReentrantLock）
• Share（共享，多个线程可同时执行，如Semaphore/CountDownLatch）

ReentrantLock的公平和非公平如何实现的呢？它内部有几个类

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync

static final class FairSync extends Sync

对于State都是tryAcquire方法

公平锁

static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * Fair version of tryAcquire.  Don't grant access unless
         * recursive call or no waiters or is first.
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

非公平锁

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

/**
         * Performs non-fair tryLock.  tryAcquire is implemented in
         * subclasses, but both need nonfair try for trylock method.
         */
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

可以发现区别在于公平锁多了一层hasQueuedPredecessors()判断

/**
     * Queries whether any threads have been waiting to acquire longer
     * than the current thread.
     *
     * <p>An invocation of this method is equivalent to (but may be
     * more efficient than):
     *  <pre> {@code
     * getFirstQueuedThread() != Thread.currentThread() &&
     * hasQueuedThreads()}</pre>
     *
     * <p>Note that because cancellations due to interrupts and
     * timeouts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not
     * guarantee that some other thread will acquire before the current
     * thread.  Likewise, it is possible for another thread to win a
     * race to enqueue after this method has returned {@code false},
     * due to the queue being empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is designed to be used by a fair synchronizer to
     * avoid <a href="AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#barging">barging</a>.
     * Such a synchronizer's {@link #tryAcquire} method should return
     * {@code false}, and its {@link #tryAcquireShared} method should
     * return a negative value, if this method returns {@code true}
     * (unless this is a reentrant acquire).  For example, the {@code
     * tryAcquire} method for a fair, reentrant, exclusive mode
     * synchronizer might look like this:
     *
     *  <pre> {@code
     * protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
     *   if (isHeldExclusively()) {
     *     // A reentrant acquire; increment hold count
     *     return true;
     *   } else if (hasQueuedPredecessors()) {
     *     return false;
     *   } else {
     *     // try to acquire normally
     *   }
     * }}</pre>
     *
     * @return {@code true} if there is a queued thread preceding the
     *         current thread, and {@code false} if the current thread
     *         is at the head of the queue or the queue is empty
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
        // The correctness of this depends on head being initialized
        // before tail and on head.next being accurate if the current
        // thread is first in queue.
        Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
        Node h = head;
        Node s;
        return h != t &&
            ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
    }

doc 和 代码都很清楚, 此方法判断当前线程之前是否还有其他线程在(非头结点)