问题描述
单个网络接口设备静态、dhcp以及子网等网络配置方法
适用范围
linx-6.0.60
解决方案
1. 打开终端,使用cd命令切换到网络配置目录
~# cd /etc/network/
~# ls
if-down.d if-pre-up.d interfaces routes if-post-down.d if-up.d run
interfaces:网络配置文件
if-down.d if-post-down.d if-pre-up.d if-up.d:是网络关闭前、网络关闭后、网络建立前、网络建立后都会到/etc/network/里运行相应目录下的脚本
2. 编辑interfaces网络配置文件,如下以设置eth0静态IP为例
~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo# lo接口统启动时被自动配置
iface lo inet loopback# 将lo接口设置为一个本地回环(loopback)地址
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 1 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 2 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 3 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth0 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth1 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth2 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
auto eth0# eth0接口统启动时被自动配置
allow-hotplug eth0# 将网络接口设置为热插拔模式
iface eth0 inet static# eth0接口具有一个静态的(static)IP配置
address 192.168.1.100# ip地址
netmask 255.255.255.0# 掩码
network 192.168.1.0# 网段
gateway 192.168.1.254# 网关
3. 重新启动网络服务,使ip配置生效
~# /etc/init.d/networking restart
4. 检查ip网络配置是否生效
~# ifconfig
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6eth0
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:98f6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:17805 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:904 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1708959 (1.6 MiB) TX bytes:125068 (122.1 KiB)
Link encap:Local Loopbacklo
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:512 (512.0 B) TX bytes:512 (512.0 B)
~# ping -c 2 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.115 ms
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1027ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.054/0.082/0.132/0.021 ms
5. 创建子网配置如下
~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 1 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 2 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 3 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth0 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth1 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth2 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
gateway 192.168.1.254
auto eth0:0
allow-hotplug eth0:0
iface eth0:0 inet static
address 192.168.2.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
6. 多个ip网络设置如下
先确定网口数量以及对应名称
~# ifconfig -a
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6eth0
inet addr:192.168.1.100 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe7f:98f6/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
TX packets:1232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:12393 (12.1 KiB) TX bytes:711382 (694.7 KiB)
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:7f:98:00eth1
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:116 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:12393 (12.1 KiB) TX bytes:711382 (694.7 KiB)
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6eth2
UPUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:13642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2696472 (2.5 MiB) TX bytes:13176 (12.8 KiB)
Link encap:Local Loopbacklo
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:712 (712.0 B) TX bytes:712 (712.0 B)
增加配置eth1和eth2,其中配置文件interfaces只能存在一个默认网关gateway参数,其他网口以添加路由的方式设置
~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 1 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 2 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 3 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth0 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth1 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth2 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
gateway 192.168.1.254
auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.2.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
auto eth2
allow-hotplug eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 192.168.3.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.3.0
7. DHCP自动获取IP地配置如下
~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 1 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 2 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s 3 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth0 00:0c:29:7f:98:f6 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth1 00:0c:29:7f:98:00 || true
pre-up /sbin/nameif -s eth2 00:0c:29:7f:98:0a || true
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp#动态获取IP地址