注释:文章最后是完成的代码
设备环境说明:
1 ubuntu 18.04
2 arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (直接在新力得或者sudo apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf 指令下载即可)
3 使用周立功 M6Y2C 开发板进行测试
4 芯片是 Cortex-A7 Nxp imx6ul
说明
本次主要测试原子锁
原子锁的主要应用场景是在于整形和位操作
在实际多线程运行过程中,可能导致多条指令会被内核分成多次分开执行这就有可能产生问题,原子锁就是将它们捆绑一体强制要求内核顺序一次性将其执行完毕
线程A 线程B
A
B
A
B
C
C
实际我们的目标
线程A 线程B
A
B
C
A
B
C
使用步骤
- 定义
32bit:atmoic_t a;
64bit:atmoic64_t a; - 常见操作
函数 | 描述 |
---|---|
ATOMIC_INIT(int i) | //定义原子变量初始化 |
int atomic_read(atomic_t *v) | 读取 v 值 |
void atomic_set(atomic_t *v, int i) | 写入 i 值 |
void atomic_add(int i, atomic_t *v) | 加上 i 值 |
void atomic_sub(int i, atomic_t *v) | 减去 i 值 |
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v) | 加 1,自增 |
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v) | 减 1,自减 |
int atomic_dec_return(atomic_t *v) | 自减 1, 并返回 v |
int atomic_inc_return(atomic_t *v) | 自增 1, 并返回 v |
int atomic_sub_and_test(int i, atomic_t *v) | 减去 i,结果为 0 返回真,其余返回假 |
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v) | 自减 1,结果为 0 返回真,其余返回假 |
int atomic_inc_and_test(atomic_t *v) | 自增 1,结果为 0 返回真,其余返回假 |
int atomic_add_negative(int i, atomic_t *v) | 加上 i,结果为负返回真,其余返回假 |
- e.g:
atomic_t v = ATMOIC_INIT(0);
atomic_set(10);
atomic_read(&v);
atomic_inc(&v); // 自增 1,11
- 位操作
原子位操作,是直接对内存操作
函数 | 描述 |
---|---|
void set_bit(int nr, void *p) | 将 p 地址的第 nr 位 置 1 |
void clear_bit(int nr, void *p) | 清 0 |
void change_bit(int nr, void *p) | 反转 |
void test_bit(int nr, void *p) | 获取值 |
void test_and_set_bit(int nr, void* p) | 读取原值,并设置为 1 |
void test_and_clear_bit(int nr, void* p) | 读取原值,并清 0 |
void test_and_change_bit(int nr, void* p) | 读取原值,并反转 |
函数解析
- 在初始化函数中,初始化
atomic_set(&gpioled.lock, 1);
- 在 open 函数中,判断锁的状态
// 检查是否被使用 这个函数本质就是先自减 1 然后判断是否为0
if (!atomic_long_dec_and_test(&gpioled.lock)) {
//这边需要自增 1, 以确保负值变 0
atomic_inc(&gpioled.lock);
return -EBUSY; //返回忙的状态
}
- 在 release 函数中,释放锁的状态
struct gpioled_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
atomic_inc(&dev->lock);
return 0;
测试方法
./atomiclock /dev/gpioled 1 &
//& 移到后台执行
./atomiclock /dev/gpioled 0
以上就是原子锁的实验
源码
atomiclock.c 驱动程序
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#define GPIOLED_CNT 1 //个数
#define GPIOLED_NAME "gpioled"
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1
struct gpioled_dev {
dev_t devid; //设备号
struct cdev cdev; //cdev
struct class *class; //类
struct device *device; //设备
int major; //主设备号
int minor; //次设备号
struct device_node *nd; //设备节点
int led_gpio; //led gpio 编号
atomic_t lock; //原子锁
};
struct gpioled_dev gpioled;
static int led_open(struct inode* inode, struct file* filp)
{
//检查是否已被使用
if (!atomic_long_dec_and_test(&gpioled.lock)) {
atomic_inc(&gpioled.lock); //小于 0 就 +1, 使其原子变量等于 0
return -EBUSY; //LED 被使用返回忙
}
filp->private_data = &gpioled;
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_read(struct file* filp, char __user *buf,
size_t cnt, loff_t* offt)
{
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_write(struct file* filp, const char __user* buf,
size_t cnt, loff_t* offt)
{
int retvalue = 0;
unsigned char databuf[1];
unsigned char ledstat = 0;
struct gpioled_dev* dev = filp->private_data;
retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
if (retvalue < 0) {
printk("kernel write failed \n");
return -EFAULT;
}
ledstat = databuf[0];
printk("gpio: %d Status: %d \n", dev->led_gpio, ledstat);
if (LEDON == ledstat) {
gpio_set_value(dev->led_gpio, 0); //打开LED
} else if (LEDOFF == ledstat) {
gpio_set_value(dev->led_gpio, 1);
}
return 0;
}
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct gpioled_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
//关闭驱动文件的时候释放原子变量
atomic_inc(&dev->lock);
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations gpioled_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.read = led_read,
.write = led_write,
.release = led_release,
};
static int __init led_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
//初始化原子变量
atomic_set(&gpioled.lock, 1);
gpioled.nd = of_find_node_by_path("/gpioled");
if (gpioled.nd == NULL) {
printk("gpioled node not find! \n");
return -EINVAL;
} else {
printk("gpioled node find! \n");
}
gpioled.led_gpio = of_get_named_gpio(gpioled.nd, "led-gpio", 0);
if (gpioled.led_gpio < 0) {
printk ("can't get led-gpio \n");
return -EINVAL;
}
printk("led-gpio num = %d \n", gpioled.led_gpio);
ret = gpio_direction_output(gpioled.led_gpio, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
printk("can't set gpio \n");
}
if (gpioled.major) {
gpioled.devid = MKDEV(gpioled.major, 0);
register_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT, GPIOLED_NAME);
} else {
alloc_chrdev_region(&gpioled.devid, 0, GPIOLED_CNT, GPIOLED_NAME);
gpioled.major = MAJOR(gpioled.devid);
gpioled.minor = MINOR(gpioled.devid);
}
printk("gpioled major = %d, minor = %d \n", gpioled.major, gpioled.minor);
gpioled.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_init(&gpioled.cdev, &gpioled_fops);
cdev_add(&gpioled.cdev, gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT);
gpioled.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, GPIOLED_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(gpioled.class)) {
return PTR_ERR(gpioled.class);
}
gpioled.device = device_create(gpioled.class, NULL, gpioled.devid,
NULL, GPIOLED_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(gpioled.device)) {
return PTR_ERR(gpioled.device);
}
return 0;
}
static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&gpioled.cdev);
unregister_chrdev_region(gpioled.devid, GPIOLED_CNT);
device_destroy(gpioled.class, gpioled.devid);
class_destroy(gpioled.class);
}
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zzz");
测试 APP
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int fd, retvalue;
char* filename;
unsigned char cnt = 0;
unsigned char databuf[1];
if (argc != 3) {
printf("Error Usage! \n");
return -1;
}
filename = argv[1];
fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("file %s open failed ! \n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
databuf[0] = atoi(argv[2]);
retvalue = write(fd, databuf, sizeof(databuf));
if (retvalue < 0) {
printf("LED Control Failed ! \n");
return -1;
}
//模拟占用 25s LED
while(1) {
sleep(5);
cnt++;
printf("App running times: %d \n", cnt);
if (cnt >= 5) break;
}
printf("App running finished \n");
retvalue = close(fd);
if (retvalue < 0) {
printf("file %s close failed !\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
Makefile
KERNELDIR := /home/x/workspace/01_linux_kernel/test/imx_4.1.15_2.0.0_ga_rc3/
CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := atomiclock.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
$(MAKE) ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- EXTRA_CFLAGS=-fno-pic -C $(KERNELDIR) M=`pwd` modules
clean:
$(MAKE) ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -C $(KERNELDIR) M=`pwd` clean
App 编译指令
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc atomiclock_app.c -o atomiclock
设备树配置
/ {
gpioled {
compatible = "atkalpha-gpioled";
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_led>;
led-gpio = <&gpio4 14 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
status = "okay";
};
};
&iomuxc{
pinctrl_led: ledgrp {
fsl,pins = <
MX6UL_PAD_NAND_CE1_B__GPIO4_IO14 0x40017059
>;
};
};