概念
先从概念解释上搞清楚这个定义,死信,顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息,字面意思可以这样理解,一般来说,producer 将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到 queue 里了,consumer 从 queue 取出消息进行消费,但某些时候由于特定的原因导致 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费,这样的消息如果没有后续的处理,就变成了死信,有死信自然就有了死信队列。应用场景:为了保证订单业务的消息数据不丢失,需要使用到 RabbitMQ 的死信队列机制,当消息消费发生异常时,将消息投入死信队列中.还有比如说: 用户在商城下单成功并点击去支付后在指定时间未支付时自动失效
死信的来源
- 消息 TTL 过期
- 队列达到最大长度(队列满了,无法再添加数据到 mq 中)
- 消息被拒绝(basic.reject 或 basic.nack)并且 requeue=false
演示
/**
* 生产者代码
*/
public class Producer {
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
try (Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel()) {
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//设置消息的 TTL 时间
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制
for (int i = 1; i <11 ; i++) {
String message="info"+i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发送消息:"+message);
}
}
}
}
先启动 Consumer01,让它创建出交换机和队列各种关系,然后关闭模拟死信,消息就会跑到死信队列
/**
* 消费者 C1 代码(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)
*/
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机名称
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明死信队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
//正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);
channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
System.out.println("等待接收消息.....");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息"+message);
};
channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
消费者 C2 代码(以上步骤完成后 启动 C2 消费者 它消费死信队列里面的消息)
public class Consumer02 {
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收死信队列消息.....");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer02 接收死信队列的消息" + message);
};
channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}