Android App 连接ble蓝牙模块并进行通讯

Android App 连接ble蓝牙模块并进行通讯

对于蓝牙的基础知识我在这里就不赘述了，直接来干货，讲解连接ble蓝牙模块并进行通讯，通讯使用广播模式，结尾附上一个项目的demo。精彩内容即将开始：
一、要使用蓝牙功能，首先要打开权限，在AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置权限信息，如下：

<!--蓝牙权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!--位置权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="andriod.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>

由于蓝牙搜索需要用到位置权限，如果在安装的时候没开通位置权限，蓝牙搜索功能是搜索不到数据的，因此在程序中进去程序在写一个方法来动态提醒用户打开位置权限。

```java
 public void local(){
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {//如果 API level 是大于等于 23(Android 6.0) 时
            //判断是否具有权限
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //判断是否需要向用户解释为什么需要申请该权限
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
                        Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)) {
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"需要打开位置权限才可以搜索到Ble设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                //请求权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
                        REQUEST_CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
            }
        }
    }

二、初始化蓝牙：

/**
     * 初始化蓝牙
     */
    private void initBle() {
        mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙不可用", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
            return;
        }
    }

三、搜索蓝牙设备：

```java
 /**
     * 搜索蓝牙设备
     */
    private void scanBleDevice() {
        mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        // 搜索10s
        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
            }
        }, 10000);
    }

    /**
     * 搜索蓝牙设备回调
     */
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice, int i, byte[] bytes) {
            if (!mBluetoothDeviceList.contains(bluetoothDevice)) {
                mBluetoothDeviceList.add(bluetoothDevice);
                mRssiList.add(String.valueOf(i));
                mDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        }
    };

至此，蓝牙的打开搜索的基本功能完成，下面就讲一下蓝牙连接和通讯了。蓝牙的通讯的关键就是UUID,不同的蓝牙模块对应的UUID不用，关于UUID的阐述在此就不多说了自己去问一下度娘。
三、蓝牙连接、通讯单独提出来做为一个服务来用，需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册服务，在aplication加入如下代码：

 <service android:name=".BleService" />

BleService的主要功能：蓝牙连接的回调，发送通知，蓝牙的连接，设置蓝牙设备在数据改变时，通知App，发送数据等功能，具体实现如下：

```java
package com.xiao.blecontrol;

import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.*;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * 蓝牙连接服务
 */

public class BleService extends Service {

    private final String TAG = BleService.class.getSimpleName();
    private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

    // 蓝牙连接状态
    private int mConnectionState = 0;
    // 蓝牙连接已断开
    private final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;
    // 蓝牙正在连接
    private final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;
    // 蓝牙已连接
    private final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;

    // 蓝牙已连接
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.xiao.ble.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
    // 蓝牙已断开
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED = "com.xiao.ble.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
    // 发现GATT服务
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "com.xiao.ble.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
    // 收到蓝牙数据
    public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE = "com.xiao.ble.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
    // 连接失败
    public final static String ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL = "com.xiao.ble.ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL";
    // 蓝牙数据
    public final static String EXTRA_DATA = "com.xiao.ble.EXTRA_DATA";

    // 服务标识
    //private final UUID SERVICE_UUID = UUID.fromString("0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    public static final UUID SERVICE_UUID = UUID.fromString("0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    //写数据服务
    public static final UUID WRITE_SERVICE_UUID = UUID.fromString("0000ffe5-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    // 特征标识（读取数据）
    private final UUID CHARACTERISTIC_READ_UUID = UUID.fromString("0000ffe4-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    // 特征标识（发送数据）
    private final UUID CHARACTERISTIC_WRITE_UUID = UUID.fromString("0000ffe9-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    // 描述标识
    private final UUID DESCRIPTOR_UUID = UUID.fromString("00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");

    // 服务相关
    private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        public BleService getService() {
            return BleService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        release();
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    /**
     * 蓝牙操作回调
     * 蓝牙连接状态才会回调
     */
    private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {//连接转态改变
            Log.i(TAG,"监听连接状态改变！");
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                // 蓝牙已连接
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
                // 搜索GATT服务
                mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();

            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                // 蓝牙已断开连接
                mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
                sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {//发现服务
            // 发现GATT服务
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                Log.w(TAG, "mBluetoothGatt = " + mBluetoothGatt );
                sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            // 收到数据
            sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }else{
                Log.i(TAG,"接收数据失败："+status);
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * 发送通知
     *
     * @param action 广播Action
     */
    private void sendBleBroadcast(String action) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(action);
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    /**
     * 发送通知
     *
     * @param action         广播Action
     * @param characteristic 数据
     */
    private void sendBleBroadcast(String action, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        Log.i(TAG,"我进来了！");
        Intent intent = new Intent(action);
        if (CHARACTERISTIC_READ_UUID.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, characteristic.getValue());
        }else{
            Log.i(TAG,"走错路了！");
        }
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    /**
     * 蓝牙连接
     *
     * @param bluetoothAdapter BluetoothAdapter
     * @param address          设备mac地址
     * @return true：成功 false：
     */
    public boolean connect(BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter, String address) {
        if (bluetoothAdapter == null || TextUtils.isEmpty(address)) {
            return false;
        }

        BluetoothDevice device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            return false;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 蓝牙断开连接
     */
    public void disconnect() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * 释放相关资源
     */
    public void release() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }

    /**
     * 设置蓝牙设备在数据改变时，通知App
     */
    public void setBleNotification() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL);
            return;
        }

        // 获取蓝牙设备的服务
        BluetoothGattService gattService = mBluetoothGatt.getService(SERVICE_UUID);
        if (gattService == null) {
            sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL);
            return;
        }

        // 获取蓝牙设备的特征
        BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic = gattService.getCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_READ_UUID);
        if (gattCharacteristic == null) {
            sendBleBroadcast(ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL);
            return;
        }

        // 获取蓝牙设备特征的描述符
        BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = gattCharacteristic.getDescriptor(DESCRIPTOR_UUID);
        descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
        if (mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor)) {
            // 蓝牙设备在数据改变时，通知App，App在收到数据后回调onCharacteristicChanged方法
            mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 发送数据
     *
     * @param data 数据
     * @return true：发送成功 false：发送失败
     */
    public boolean sendData(byte[] data) {
        // 获取蓝牙设备的服务
        BluetoothGattService gattService = null;
        if (mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            gattService = mBluetoothGatt.getService(WRITE_SERVICE_UUID);
        }
        if (gattService == null) {
            return false;
        }

        // 获取蓝牙设备的特征
        BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic = gattService.getCharacteristic(CHARACTERISTIC_WRITE_UUID);
        if (gattCharacteristic == null) {
            return false;
        }

        // 发送数据
        gattCharacteristic.setValue(data);
        return mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);
    }
    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }
}

在主活动注册蓝牙接收器

 /**
     * 注册蓝牙信息接收器
     */
    private void registerBleReceiver() {
        // 绑定服务
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, BleService.class);
        bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        startService(intent);

        // 注册蓝牙信息广播接收器
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BleService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
        filter.addAction(BleService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
        filter.addAction(BleService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
        filter.addAction(BleService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE);
        filter.addAction(BleService.ACTION_CONNECTING_FAIL);
        mBleReceiver = new BleReceiver();
        registerReceiver(mBleReceiver, filter);
    }

至此蓝牙的连接，通讯功能基本完成。下面提供一个完整的demo，只需要修改相关服务的UUID就能运行。代码地址：https://gitee.com/longsis/BleControl.git