雪花ID生成法

首先写一个util工具类

package com.xuehua.util;

import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * @Author Chenxinlele
 * @Date 2021/8/11 15:58
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class SnowflakeId {

    /**
     * id自增器(雪花算法)
     *
     * @author renjie
     * @version 1.0.0
     */
    private final static long twepoch = 12888349746579L;
    // 机器标识位数
    private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;
    // 数据中心标识位数
    private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;

    // 毫秒内自增位数
    private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;
    // 机器ID偏左移12位
    private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;
    // 数据中心ID左移17位
    private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;
    // 时间毫秒左移22位
    private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;
    //sequence掩码,确保sequnce不会超出上限
    private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);
    //上次时间戳
    private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;
    //序列
    private long sequence = 0L;
    //服务器ID
    private long workerId = 1L;
    private static long workerMask = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);
    //进程编码
    private long processId = 1L;
    private static long processMask = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);

    private static SnowflakeId snowFlake = null;

    static {
        snowFlake = new SnowflakeId();
    }

    public static synchronized long nextId() {
        return snowFlake.getNextId();
    }

    private SnowflakeId() {

        //获取机器编码
        this.workerId = this.getMachineNum();
        //获取进程编码
        RuntimeMXBean runtimeMXBean = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean();
        this.processId = Long.valueOf(runtimeMXBean.getName().split("@")[0]).longValue();

        //避免编码超出最大值
        this.workerId = workerId & workerMask;
        this.processId = processId & processMask;
    }

    public synchronized long getNextId() {
        //获取时间戳
        long timestamp = timeGen();
        //如果时间戳小于上次时间戳则报错
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            try {
                throw new Exception("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id for " + (lastTimestamp - timestamp) + " milliseconds");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果时间戳与上次时间戳相同
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            // 当前毫秒内,则+1,与sequenceMask确保sequence不会超出上限
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                // 当前毫秒内计数满了,则等待下一秒
                timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0;
        }
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        // ID偏移组合生成最终的ID,并返回ID
        long nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift) | (processId << datacenterIdShift) | (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;
        return nextId;
    }

    /**
     * 再次获取时间戳直到获取的时间戳与现有的不同
     *
     * @param lastTimestamp
     * @return 下一个时间戳
     */
    private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = this.timeGen();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = this.timeGen();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }

    private long timeGen() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    /**
     * 获取机器编码
     *
     * @return
     */
    private long getMachineNum() {
        long machinePiece;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        Enumeration<NetworkInterface> e = null;
        try {
            e = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
        } catch (SocketException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
            NetworkInterface ni = e.nextElement();
            sb.append(ni.toString());
        }
        machinePiece = sb.toString().hashCode();
        return machinePiece;
    }
}

直接调用

long xhId =SnowflakeId.nextId();

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Java中的雪花ID生成是一种分布式唯一ID生成,它使用了时间戳、机器ID和序列号来生成全局唯一的ID。 具体实现过程如下: 1. 定义一个64位的long类型变量,其中第一位是符号位(始终为0),接下来41位是时间戳,5位是数据中心ID,5位是机器ID,最后12位是序列号。 2. 时间戳部分采用当前时间减去一个固定的起始时间,可以保证生成ID是递增的。 3. 数据中心ID和机器ID可以预先分配,这样可以保证同一数据中心内的机器ID不会重复。 4. 序列号部分可以使用一个计数器来实现,每次生成ID时将计数器加一即可,需要注意的是,如果在同一毫秒内生成ID数量超过了4096(2^12),则需要等待一毫秒,以保证生成ID不重复。 示例代码如下: ```java public class SnowflakeIdWorker { // 起始的时间戳 private final static long START_TIMESTAMP = 1480166465631L; // 机器id所占的位数 private final static long WORKER_ID_BITS = 5L; // 数据标识id所占的位数 private final static long DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS = 5L; // 支持的最大机器id,结果是31 private final static long MAX_WORKER_ID = ~(-1L << WORKER_ID_BITS); // 支持的最大数据标识id,结果是31 private final static long MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID = ~(-1L << DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS); // 序列在id中占的位数 private final static long SEQUENCE_BITS = 12L; // 机器ID向左移12位 private final static long WORKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS; // 数据标识id向左移17位(12+5) private final static long DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS; // 时间截向左移22位(5+5+12) private final static long TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATA_CENTER_ID_BITS; // 生成序列的掩码,这里为4095(0b111111111111=0xfff=4095) private final static long SEQUENCE_MASK = ~(-1L << SEQUENCE_BITS); // 工作机器ID(0~31) private long workerId; // 数据中心ID(0~31) private long dataCenterId; // 毫秒内序列(0~4095) private long sequence = 0L; // 上次生成ID的时间戳 private long lastTimestamp = -1L; public SnowflakeIdWorker(long workerId, long dataCenterId) { if (workerId > MAX_WORKER_ID || workerId < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("workerId can't be greater than " + MAX_WORKER_ID + " or less than 0"); } if (dataCenterId > MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID || dataCenterId < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("dataCenterId can't be greater than " + MAX_DATA_CENTER_ID + " or less than 0"); } this.workerId = workerId; this.dataCenterId = dataCenterId; } public synchronized long nextId() { long timestamp = timeGen(); if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) { throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id"); } if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) { sequence = (sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK; if (sequence == 0) { timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp); } } else { sequence = 0L; } lastTimestamp = timestamp; return ((timestamp - START_TIMESTAMP) << TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) | (dataCenterId << DATA_CENTER_ID_SHIFT) | (workerId << WORKER_ID_SHIFT) | sequence; } private long tilNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) { long timestamp = timeGen(); while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) { timestamp = timeGen(); } return timestamp; } private long timeGen() { return System.currentTimeMillis(); } } ```

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