C++设计模式--建造者模式

建造者模式（Builder）

建造者模式将复杂对象的构造和表示分离，使得相同的构造过程可以创建不同的对象。

问题（Problem）

我们想要创建复杂的对象，但是我们不想要写一个复杂的构造函数或者一个需要很多参数的构造函数。

解决方法（Solution）

定义一个中间对象，其成员函数逐部分构建期望对象。建造者模式将期望对象的创建完成过程延迟到全部可选条件都指明后。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

// "Product"
class Pizza{
public:
    void setDough(const std::string& dough){
        m_dough = dough;
    }
    void setSauce(const std::string& sauce){
        m_sauce = sauce;
    }
    void setTopping(const std::string& topping){
        m_topping = topping;
    }
    void open() const {
        std::cout<<"The Pizza have "<<
        m_dough<<" dough, "<<
        m_sauce<<" sauce, "<<
        m_topping<<" topping."<<
        std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_dough;
    std::string m_sauce;
    std::string m_topping;
};

// "Abstract Builder"
class PizzaBuilder{
public:
    virtual ~PizzaBuilder() = default;
    void createNewPizza(){
        m_pizza = std::make_unique<Pizza>();
    }
    Pizza* getPizza() {
        return m_pizza.release();
    }
    virtual void buildDough() = 0;
    virtual void buildSauce() = 0;
    virtual void buildTopping() = 0;
protected:
    std::unique_ptr<Pizza> m_pizza;
};

class HawaiianPizzaBuilder:public PizzaBuilder{
public:
    ~HawaiianPizzaBuilder() override = default;
    void buildDough() override {
        m_pizza->setDough("Hawaiian dough");
    }
    void buildSauce() override {
        m_pizza->setSauce("Hawaiian sauce");
    }
    void buildTopping() override {
        m_pizza->setTopping("Hawaiian topping");
    }
};

class SpicyPizzaBuilder:public PizzaBuilder{
public:
    ~SpicyPizzaBuilder() override = default;
    void buildDough() override {
        m_pizza->setDough("Spicy dough");
    }
    void buildSauce() override {
        m_pizza->setSauce("Spicy sauce");
    }
    void buildTopping() override {
        m_pizza->setTopping("Spicy topping");
    }
};

class Cook{
public:
    void openPizza() const {
        m_pizzaBuilder->getPizza()->open();
    }
    void createPizza(PizzaBuilder* pizzaBuilder){
        m_pizzaBuilder = pizzaBuilder;
        m_pizzaBuilder->createNewPizza();
        m_pizzaBuilder->buildDough();
        m_pizzaBuilder->buildSauce();
        m_pizzaBuilder->buildTopping();
    }
private:
    PizzaBuilder* m_pizzaBuilder;
};

int main(){
    Cook cook{};
    HawaiianPizzaBuilder hawaiianPizzaBuilder;
    cook.createPizza(&hawaiianPizzaBuilder);
    cook.openPizza();

    SpicyPizzaBuilder spicyPizzaBuilder;
    cook.createPizza(&spicyPizzaBuilder);
    cook.openPizza();
}
//console output
//The Pizza have Hawaiian dough dough, Hawaiian sauce sauce, Hawaiian topping topping.
//The Pizza have Spicy dough dough, Spicy sauce sauce, Spicy topping topping.