l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]
n =len(l)for i inrange(n-1):for j inrange(n-1-i):if l[j]> l[j+1]:
l[j], l[j+1]= l[j+1], l[j]print(f'冒泡排序后:{l}')>冒泡排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]
选择排序
外层循环控制遍历的轮数,内层循环用于比较相邻元素并进行交换
每轮找到剩下元素里最小元素的索引,并放到未排序区域的第一个位置
l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]
n =len(l)for i inrange(n-1):
min_index = i
for j inrange(i+1, n):if l[j]< l[min_index]:
min_index = j
if min_index != i:
l[i], l[min_index]= l[min_index], l[i]print(f'选择排序后:{l}')>选择排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]
插入排序
外层循环控制轮次,给第2个到第n个元素找到合适的插入位置
while循环通过相邻元素依次比较,将元素插入到指定位置
l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]
n =len(l)for i inrange(1, n):
key = l[i]
j = i -1while j >=0and l[j]> key:
l[j+1]= l[j]
j -=1
l[j+1]= key
print(f'插入排序后:{l}')>插入排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]
快速排序
采用递归和分治的思想
通过基准元素将列表分割成2部分
l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]defquick_sort(arr):iflen(arr)<=1:return arr
pivot = arr[len(arr)//2]# 选择中间元素作为基准值
left =[x for x in arr if x < pivot]# 小于基准值的元素
middle =[x for x in arr if x == pivot]# 等于基准值的元素
right =[x for x in arr if x > pivot]# 大于基准值的元素return quick_sort(left)+ middle + quick_sort(right)print(f'快速排序后:{quick_sort(l)}')>快速排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]
l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]defshell_sort(arr):
n =len(arr)
gap = n //2while gap >=1:for i inrange(gap, n):
j = i
while(j-gap)>=0:if arr[j]< arr[j - gap]:
arr[j], arr[j-gap]= arr[j-gap], arr[j]
j -= gap
else:break
gap //=2return l
print(f'希尔排序后:{shell_sort(l)}')>希尔排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]
归并排序
采用递归和分治的思想
将数据分为左右2个部分分别排序,最终合并起来
l =[2,45,33,68,23,45,78,99,67,10]defmerge_sort(arr):iflen(arr)<=1:return arr
mid =len(arr)//2
left = merge_sort(arr[:mid])
right = merge_sort(arr[mid:])return merge(left, right)defmerge(left, right):
result =[]
i = j =0while i <len(left)and j <len(right):if left[i]< right[j]:
result.append(left[i])
i +=1else:
result.append(right[j])
j +=1while i <len(left):
result.append(left[i])
i +=1while j <len(right):
result.append(right[j])
j +=1return result
print(f'归并排序后:{merge_sort(l)}')>归并排序后:[2,10,23,33,45,45,67,68,78,99]