SPOJ LCA Lowest Common Ancestor

原题链接

LCA - Lowest Common Ancestor

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A tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one simple path. In other words, any connected graph without cycles is a tree. - Wikipedia 

The lowest common ancestor (LCA) is a concept in graph theory and computer science. Let T be a rooted tree with N nodes. The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself). - Wikipedia

Your task in this problem is to find the LCA of any two given nodes v and w in a given tree T.

For example the LCA of nodes 9 and 12 in this tree is the node number 3.

Input

The first line of input will be the number of test cases. Each test case will start with a number N the number of nodes in the tree, 1 <= N <= 1,000. Nodes are numbered from 1 to N. The next N lines each one will start with a number M the number of child nodes of the Nth node, 0 <= M <= 999 followed by M numbers the child nodes of the Nth node. The next line will be a number Q the number of queries you have to answer for the given tree T, 1 <= Q <= 1000. The next Q lines each one will have two number v and w in which you have to find the LCA of v and w in T, 1 <= v, w <= 1,000.

Input will guarantee that there is only one root and no cycles.

Output

For each test case print Q + 1 lines, The first line will have “Case C:” without quotes where C is the case number starting with 1. The next Q lines should be the LCA of the given v and w respectively.

Example

Input:

1
7
3 2 3 4
0
3 5 6 7
0
0
0
0
2
5 7
2 7

Output:

Case 1:
3
1

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#define INF 1e9
#define MOD 1000000007
#define maxn 1005
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

vector<int> v[maxn];
int vis[maxn], d[maxn<<2], p[maxn<<2], c[maxn], cnt;
int dp[maxn<<2][20];
void dfs(int i, int dis, int f){
	
	c[i] = cnt;
	d[cnt] = dis;
	p[cnt++] = i;
	for(int j = 0; j < v[i].size(); j++){
		int h = v[i][j];
		if(h != f){
			dfs(h, dis+1, i);
			d[cnt] = dis;
			p[cnt++] = i;
		}
	}
}
void RMQ(){
	
	for(int i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
	  dp[i][0] = p[i];
	for(int i = 1; (1<<i) <= cnt; i++)
	  for(int j = 0; j+(1<<i) <= cnt; j++){
	  	int k1 = dp[j][i-1], k2 = dp[j+(1<<(i-1))][i-1];
	  	int ans = k2;
	  	if(d[c[k1]] < d[c[k2]])
	  	 ans = k1;
	  	dp[j][i] = ans;
	  }
	  
}
int main(){
	
//	freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
	int t, cas = 0;
	
	scanf("%d", &t);
	while(t--){
		
		cnt = 0;
		int n, m, a, b;
		scanf("%d", &n);
		memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		  v[i].clear();
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			scanf("%d", &m);
			for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
				scanf("%d", &a);
				vis[a] = 1;
				v[i].push_back(a);
			}
		}
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
			if(vis[i] == 0){
				dfs(i, 0, -1);
				break;
			}
		}
		RMQ();
		int q;
		scanf("%d", &q);
		printf("Case %d:\n", ++cas);
		while(q--){
			scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
			int p1 = c[a], p2 = c[b];
			if(p1 > p2)
			 swap(p1, p2);
			int r = 0;
			while(1<<(r+1) <= p2-p1+1)
			 r++; 
			int k1 = dp[p1][r], k2 = dp[p2-(1<<r)+1][r];
			if(d[c[k1]] < d[c[k2]])
			  printf("%d\n", k1);
			else
			 printf("%d\n", k2);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}