uboot启动过程

/****************************************************************************/
//Main_loop:与平台无关，初始化启动次数限制,modem功能,设置软件版本号,启动延时,读取及命令解析。
void main_loop (void)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER
	static char lastcommand[CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE] = { 0, };
	int len;
	int rc = 1;
	int flag;
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_BOOTDELAY) && (CONFIG_BOOTDELAY >= 0)
	char *s;
	int bootdelay;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PREBOOT
	char *p;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT   //使能启动次数限制功能，主要用于产品的限次使用
	unsigned long bootcount = 0;
	unsigned long bootlimit = 0;
	char *bcs;
	char bcs_set[16];
#endif /* CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT */

#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT    //加载启动次数
	bootcount = bootcount_load();
	bootcount++;
	bootcount_store (bootcount);
	sprintf (bcs_set, "%lu", bootcount);
	setenv ("bootcount", bcs_set);
	bcs = getenv ("bootlimit");
	bootlimit = bcs ? simple_strtoul (bcs, NULL, 10) : 0;
#endif /* CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT */

#ifdef CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT  //Modem功能通常供一些远程控制的系统使用
	debug ("DEBUG: main_loop:   do_mdm_init=%d\n", do_mdm_init);
	if (do_mdm_init) {
		char *str = strdup(getenv("mdm_cmd"));
		setenv ("preboot", str);  /* set or delete definition */
		if (str != NULL)
			free (str);
		mdm_init(); /* wait for modem connection */
	}
#endif  /* CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT */

#ifdef CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE   //设置U-Boot的版本号，初始化命令自动完成功能等
	{
        //将版本号写入flash
		setenv ("ver", version_string);  /* set version variable */
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE */

#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER  //哈希
	u_boot_hush_start ();  
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_HUSH_INIT_VAR)  //
	hush_init_var ();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PREBOOT
	if ((p = getenv ("preboot")) != NULL) {
# ifdef CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED 
        // 关闭Crtl+C组合键
		int prev = disable_ctrlc(1);	/* disable Control C checking */
# endif

		run_command(p, 0);  //命令执行

# ifdef CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED   // 恢复Ctrl+C组合键
		disable_ctrlc(prev);	/* restore Control C checking */
# endif
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_PREBOOT */

#if defined(CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP)   // tftp更新
	update_tftp (0UL);
#endif /* CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP */

#if defined(CONFIG_BOOTDELAY) && (CONFIG_BOOTDELAY >= 0)
	s = getenv ("bootdelay");  //获得启动延时时间环境变量
   //启动延迟功能
	bootdelay = s ? (int)simple_strtol(s, NULL, 10) : CONFIG_BOOTDELAY;

	debug ("### main_loop entered: bootdelay=%d\n\n", bootdelay);

#if defined(CONFIG_MENU_SHOW)
	bootdelay = menu_show(bootdelay); //延时菜单显示
#endif
# ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
	init_cmd_timeout ();    // 初始化命令行超时机制
# endif	/* CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME */

#ifdef CONFIG_POST
	if (gd->flags & GD_FLG_POSTFAIL) {
		s = getenv("failbootcmd");   //获得cmd错误
	}
	else
#endif /* CONFIG_POST */
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT   //启动次数限制检查
	if (bootlimit && (bootcount > bootlimit)) {
		printf ("Warning: Bootlimit (%u) exceeded. Using altbootcmd.\n",
		        (unsigned)bootlimit);
		s = getenv ("altbootcmd");
	}
	else
#endif /* CONFIG_BOOTCOUNT_LIMIT */
		s = getenv ("bootcmd");

	debug ("### main_loop: bootcmd=\"%s\"\n", s ? s : "<UNDEFINED>");

//在启动命令大于0前，判断是否有按键按下，如果有进入命令行模式，没有就进入操作系统
	if (bootdelay >= 0 && s && !abortboot (bootdelay)) {
# ifdef CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED
		int prev = disable_ctrlc(1);	/* disable Control C checking */
# endif

		run_command(s, 0);  //运行启动命令，启动操作系统

# ifdef CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED
		disable_ctrlc(prev);	/* restore Control C checking */
# endif
	}

# ifdef CONFIG_MENUKEY
	if (menukey == CONFIG_MENUKEY) {
		s = getenv("menucmd");
		if (s)
			run_command(s, 0);
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_MENUKEY */
#endif /* CONFIG_BOOTDELAY */

	/*
	 * Main Loop for Monitor Command Processing
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER
	parse_file_outer();
	/* This point is never reached */
	for (;;);
#else
	for (;;) {
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
		if (rc >= 0) {
			/* Saw enough of a valid command to
			 * restart the timeout.
			 */
			reset_cmd_timeout();  // 设置命令行超时
		}
#endif
		len = readline (CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT);
        // 读取命令，读取到的命令存储在全局变量console_buffer 中
		flag = 0;	/* assume no special flags for now */
		if (len > 0)
			strcpy (lastcommand, console_buffer);
		else if (len == 0)
			flag |= CMD_FLAG_REPEAT;
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_RETRY_TIME
		else if (len == -2) {
			/* -2 means timed out, retry autoboot
			 */
			puts ("\nTimed out waiting for command\n");
# ifdef CONFIG_RESET_TO_RETRY
			/* Reinit board to run initialization code again */
			do_reset (NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
# else
			return;		/* retry autoboot */
# endif
		}
#endif

		if (len == -1)
			puts ("<INTERRUPT>\n");
		else
			rc = run_command(lastcommand, flag);

		if (rc <= 0) {
			/* invalid command or not repeatable, forget it */
			lastcommand[0] = 0;
		}
	}
#endif /*CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER*/
}

/******************************************************/
// run_command();  //解析并运行命令
int run_command(const char *cmd, int flag)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_HUSH_PARSER
	/*
	 * builtin_run_command can return 0 or 1 for success, so clean up
	 * its result.
	 */
	if (builtin_run_command(cmd, flag) == -1)    //命令解析函数
		return 1;

	return 0;
#else
	return parse_string_outer(cmd,
			FLAG_PARSE_SEMICOLON | FLAG_EXIT_FROM_LOOP);
#endif
}

/**********************************************************************************/
//builtin_run_command  命令解析函数

static int builtin_run_command(const char *cmd, int flag)
{
	char cmdbuf[CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE];	/* working copy of cmd		*/
	char *token;			/* start of token in cmdbuf	*/
	char *sep;			/* end of token (separator) in cmdbuf */
	char finaltoken[CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE];
	char *str = cmdbuf;
	char *argv[CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS + 1];	/* NULL terminated	*/
	int argc, inquotes;
	int repeatable = 1;
	int rc = 0;

	clear_ctrlc();		/* forget any previous Control C */
	if (!cmd || !*cmd) { //先对字符串命令cmd的有效性进行检测，判断该命令是否为空
		return -1;	/* empty command */
	}

    //判断字符串命令的长度是否在CFG_CBSIZE(256)范围之内
	if (strlen(cmd) >= CONFIG_SYS_CBSIZE) {  
		puts ("## Command too long!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	strcpy (cmdbuf, cmd);  //备份入口命令cmd到cmdbuf

	/* Process separators and check for invalid
	 * repeatable commands
	 */

	while (*str) {   //str指向cmdbuf备份命令,循环判断字符串命令有几个

		/*
		 * Find separator, or string end
		 * Allow simple escape of ';' by writing "\;"
		 */
        //sep指向当前命令str的开头,一直for寻找当前命令结尾处
		for (inquotes = 0, sep = str; *sep; sep++) {
			if ((*sep=='\'') &&
			    (*(sep-1) != '\\'))
				inquotes=!inquotes;

			if (!inquotes &&
			    (*sep == ';') &&	/* separator		*/
			    ( sep != str) &&	/* past string start	*/
			    (*(sep-1) != '\\'))	/* and NOT escaped	*/
				break;
		}

		/*
		 * Limit the token to data between separators
		 */
		token = str;
		if (*sep) {
			str = sep + 1;	/* start of command for next pass */
			*sep = '\0';
		}
		else
			str = sep;	/* no more commands for next pass */

		/* find macros in this token and replace them */
		process_macros (token, finaltoken); //token=当前命令开头,将命令中的宏替换
        //parse_line函数:解析当前命令用argv数组保存并返回当前命令参数个数
		/* Extract arguments */
		if ((argc = parse_line (finaltoken, argv)) == 0) {
			rc = -1;	/* no command at all */
			continue;
		}

		if (cmd_process(flag, argc, argv, &repeatable))  //find_cmd函数
			rc = -1;

		/* Did the user stop this? */
		if (had_ctrlc ())     //检查是否有ctrl+c按键按下，如果有的话，取消当前命令执行。
			return -1;	/* if stopped then not repeatable */
	}

	return rc ? rc : repeatable;
}

/********************************************************************************/
//cmd_process  函数实际调用find_cmd 
enum command_ret_t cmd_process(int flag, int argc, char * const argv[],
			       int *repeatable)
{
	enum command_ret_t rc = CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;

	/* Look up command in command table */
   //查找.u_boot_cmd段中是否有这个命令argv[0]名字,若有的话返回这个命令的结构体,否则返回NULL。
	cmdtp = find_cmd(argv[0]);
	if (cmdtp == NULL) {
		printf("Unknown command '%s' - try 'help'\n", argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}

	/* found - check max args */
	if (argc > cmdtp->maxargs)
		rc = CMD_RET_USAGE;

#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_BOOTD)
	/* avoid "bootd" recursion */
	else if (cmdtp->cmd == do_bootd) {
		if (flag & CMD_FLAG_BOOTD) {
			puts("'bootd' recursion detected\n");
			rc = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
		} else {
			flag |= CMD_FLAG_BOOTD;
		}
	}
#endif

	/* If OK so far, then do the command */
	if (!rc) {
		rc = cmd_call(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
		*repeatable &= cmdtp->repeatable;
	}
	if (rc == CMD_RET_USAGE)
		rc = cmd_usage(cmdtp);
	return rc;
}

cmd_tbl_t *find_cmd (const char *cmd)
{
    //__u_boot_cmd_start和__u_boot_cmd_end 在.lds连接脚本里已定义.
	int len = &__u_boot_cmd_end - &__u_boot_cmd_start;
	return find_cmd_tbl(cmd, &__u_boot_cmd_start, len);
}

cmd_tbl_t *find_cmd_tbl (const char *cmd, cmd_tbl_t *table, int table_len)
{
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;
	cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp_temp = table;	/*Init value */
	const char *p;
	int len;
	int n_found = 0;

	if (!cmd)
		return NULL;
	/*
	 * Some commands allow length modifiers (like "cp.b");
	 * compare command name only until first dot.
	 */
   //查找'.'字符,用来获得当前字符串命令长度len
	len = ((p = strchr(cmd, '.')) == NULL) ? strlen (cmd) : (p - cmd);

  //for循环是将*cmd入口参数从所有命令起始段找到命令结束段
	for (cmdtp = table;
	     cmdtp != table + table_len;
	     cmdtp++) {
        //比较len长度的*cmd和cmdtp->name,若相等表示找到一样的实际命令。
		if (strncmp (cmd, cmdtp->name, len) == 0) { 
            //再次获取实际命令的长度,判断是否和当前命令的长度一样 
			if (len == strlen (cmdtp->name))
				return cmdtp;	/* full match */

			cmdtp_temp = cmdtp;	/* abbreviated command ? */
			n_found++;
		}
	}
	if (n_found == 1) {			/* exactly one match */
		return cmdtp_temp;
	}

	return NULL;	/* not found or ambiguous command */
}

//命令解析
bootcmd=nboot.e 0xc0700000 0 0x120000; bootm

使用的命令是bootm，调用的应该是/common/cmd_bootm.c中的命令


/*******************************************************************/
/* bootm - boot application image from image in memory */
/*******************************************************************/

int do_bootm(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[])
{
    if (bootm_start(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv))
		return 1;
    ret = bootm_load_os(images.os, &load_end, 1);
    bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_CHECK_BOOT_OS);
}

//支持nand启动的机器
最后会调用common/cmd_nand.c 下的 do_nand

int do_nand(cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	int i, ret = 0;
	ulong addr;
	loff_t off, size;
	char *cmd, *s;
	nand_info_t *nand;
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET
	int quiet = CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET;
#else
	int quiet = 0;
#endif
	const char *quiet_str = getenv("quiet");
	int dev = nand_curr_device;
	int repeat = flag & CMD_FLAG_REPEAT;

	/* at least two arguments please */
	if (argc < 2)
		goto usage;

	if (quiet_str)
		quiet = simple_strtoul(quiet_str, NULL, 0) != 0;

	cmd = argv[1];

	/* Only "dump" is repeatable. */
	if (repeat && strcmp(cmd, "dump"))
		return 0;

	if (strcmp(cmd, "info") == 0) {

		putc('\n');
		for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE; i++) {
			if (nand_info[i].name)
				nand_print_and_set_info(i);
		}
		return 0;
	}

	if (strcmp(cmd, "device") == 0) {
		if (argc < 3) {
			putc('\n');
			if (dev < 0 || dev >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE)
				puts("no devices available\n");
			else
				nand_print_and_set_info(dev);
			return 0;
		}

		dev = (int)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 10);
		set_dev(dev);

		return 0;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET_OOB
	/* this command operates only on the first nand device */
	if (strcmp(cmd, "env.oob") == 0)
		return do_nand_env_oob(cmdtp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
#endif

	/* The following commands operate on the current device, unless
	 * overridden by a partition specifier.  Note that if somehow the
	 * current device is invalid, it will have to be changed to a valid
	 * one before these commands can run, even if a partition specifier
	 * for another device is to be used.
	 */
	if (dev < 0 || dev >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE ||
	    !nand_info[dev].name) {
		puts("\nno devices available\n");
		return 1;
	}
	nand = &nand_info[dev];

	if (strcmp(cmd, "bad") == 0) {
		printf("\nDevice %d bad blocks:\n", dev);
		for (off = 0; off < nand->size; off += nand->erasesize)
			if (nand_block_isbad(nand, off))
				printf("  %08llx\n", (unsigned long long)off);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Syntax is:
	 *   0    1     2       3    4
	 *   nand erase [clean] [off size]
	 */
	if (strncmp(cmd, "erase", 5) == 0 || strncmp(cmd, "scrub", 5) == 0) {
		nand_erase_options_t opts;
		/* "clean" at index 2 means request to write cleanmarker */
		int clean = argc > 2 && !strcmp("clean", argv[2]);
		int scrub_yes = argc > 2 && !strcmp("-y", argv[2]);
		int o = (clean || scrub_yes) ? 3 : 2;
		int scrub = !strncmp(cmd, "scrub", 5);
		int spread = 0;
		int args = 2;
		const char *scrub_warn =
			"Warning: "
			"scrub option will erase all factory set bad blocks!\n"
			"         "
			"There is no reliable way to recover them.\n"
			"         "
			"Use this command only for testing purposes if you\n"
			"         "
			"are sure of what you are doing!\n"
			"\nReally scrub this NAND flash? <y/N>\n";

		if (cmd[5] != 0) {
			if (!strcmp(&cmd[5], ".spread")) {
				spread = 1;
			} else if (!strcmp(&cmd[5], ".part")) {
				args = 1;
			} else if (!strcmp(&cmd[5], ".chip")) {
				args = 0;
			} else {
				goto usage;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Don't allow missing arguments to cause full chip/partition
		 * erases -- easy to do accidentally, e.g. with a misspelled
		 * variable name.
		 */
		if (argc != o + args)
			goto usage;

		printf("\nNAND %s: ", cmd);
		/* skip first two or three arguments, look for offset and size */
		if (arg_off_size(argc - o, argv + o, &dev, &off, &size) != 0)
			return 1;

		nand = &nand_info[dev];

		memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
		opts.offset = off;
		opts.length = size;
		opts.jffs2  = clean;
		opts.quiet  = quiet;
		opts.spread = spread;

		if (scrub) {
			if (!scrub_yes)
				puts(scrub_warn);

			if (scrub_yes)
				opts.scrub = 1;
			else if (getc() == 'y') {
				puts("y");
				if (getc() == '\r')
					opts.scrub = 1;
				else {
					puts("scrub aborted\n");
					return -1;
				}
			} else {
				puts("scrub aborted\n");
				return -1;
			}
		}
		ret = nand_erase_opts(nand, &opts);
		printf("%s\n", ret ? "ERROR" : "OK");

		return ret == 0 ? 0 : 1;
	}

	if (strncmp(cmd, "dump", 4) == 0) {
		if (argc < 3)
			goto usage;

		off = (int)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
		ret = nand_dump(nand, off, !strcmp(&cmd[4], ".oob"), repeat);

		return ret == 0 ? 1 : 0;
	}

	if (strncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0 || strncmp(cmd, "write", 5) == 0) {
		size_t rwsize;
		int read;

		if (argc < 4)
			goto usage;

		addr = (ulong)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);

		read = strncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0; /* 1 = read, 0 = write */
		printf("\nNAND %s: ", read ? "read" : "write");
		if (arg_off_size(argc - 3, argv + 3, &dev, &off, &size) != 0)
			return 1;

		nand = &nand_info[dev];
		rwsize = size;

		s = strchr(cmd, '.');
		if (!s || !strcmp(s, ".jffs2") ||
		    !strcmp(s, ".e") || !strcmp(s, ".i")) {
			if (read)
				ret = nand_read_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
							 (u_char *)addr);
			else
				ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
							  (u_char *)addr, 0);
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TRIMFFS
		} else if (!strcmp(s, ".trimffs")) {
			if (read) {
				printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'\n", s);
				return 1;
			}
			ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
						(u_char *)addr,
						WITH_DROP_FFS);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
		} else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs")) {
			if (read) {
				printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
				return 1;
			}
			ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,
						(u_char *)addr, WITH_YAFFS_OOB);
#endif
		} else if (!strcmp(s, ".oob")) {
			/* out-of-band data */
			mtd_oob_ops_t ops = {
				.oobbuf = (u8 *)addr,
				.ooblen = rwsize,
				.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW
			};

			if (read)
				ret = nand->read_oob(nand, off, &ops);
			else
				ret = nand->write_oob(nand, off, &ops);
		} else if (!strcmp(s, ".raw")) {
			/* Raw access */
			mtd_oob_ops_t ops = {
				.datbuf = (u8 *)addr,
				.oobbuf = ((u8 *)addr) + nand->writesize,
				.len = nand->writesize,
				.ooblen = nand->oobsize,
				.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW
			};

			rwsize = nand->writesize + nand->oobsize;

			if (read)
				ret = nand->read_oob(nand, off, &ops);
			else
				ret = nand->write_oob(nand, off, &ops);
		} else {
			printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
			return 1;
		}

		printf(" %zu bytes %s: %s\n", rwsize,
		       read ? "read" : "written", ret ? "ERROR" : "OK");

		return ret == 0 ? 0 : 1;
	}

	if (strcmp(cmd, "markbad") == 0) {
		argc -= 2;
		argv += 2;

		if (argc <= 0)
			goto usage;

		while (argc > 0) {
			addr = simple_strtoul(*argv, NULL, 16);

			if (nand->block_markbad(nand, addr)) {
				printf("block 0x%08lx NOT marked "
					"as bad! ERROR %d\n",
					addr, ret);
				ret = 1;
			} else {
				printf("block 0x%08lx successfully "
					"marked as bad\n",
					addr);
			}
			--argc;
			++argv;
		}
		return ret;
	}

	if (strcmp(cmd, "biterr") == 0) {
		/* todo */
		return 1;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_LOCK_UNLOCK
	if (strcmp(cmd, "lock") == 0) {
		int tight = 0;
		int status = 0;
		if (argc == 3) {
			if (!strcmp("tight", argv[2]))
				tight = 1;
			if (!strcmp("status", argv[2]))
				status = 1;
		}
		if (status) {
			do_nand_status(nand);
		} else {
			if (!nand_lock(nand, tight)) {
				puts("NAND flash successfully locked\n");
			} else {
				puts("Error locking NAND flash\n");
				return 1;
			}
		}
		return 0;
	}

	if (strcmp(cmd, "unlock") == 0) {
		if (arg_off_size(argc - 2, argv + 2, &dev, &off, &size) < 0)
			return 1;

		if (!nand_unlock(&nand_info[dev], off, size)) {
			puts("NAND flash successfully unlocked\n");
		} else {
			puts("Error unlocking NAND flash, "
			     "write and erase will probably fail\n");
			return 1;
		}
		return 0;
	}
#endif

usage:
	return CMD_RET_USAGE;
}