快速编写“专家级”makefile（4.打造更专业的编译环境——实现库链接）

    根据前面所运行结果，main.o 被正确地生成了，但在链接时因为找不到 foo() 函数的实现而出现错误。由于 foo() 函数的实现是放在 libfoo.a 库中的，而 Makefile 中并没有告诉编译器在生成 huge.exe 时需要与 libfoo.a 库链接在一起

    huge / build / make.rule

  
  
.PHONY : all clean
NKDIR = mkdir
RM = rm
RMFLAG = -rf
CC = gcc
AR = ar
ARFLAG = crs
DIR_OBJS = objs
DIR_EXES = $(ROOT)/build/exes
DIR_DEPS = deps
DIR_LIBS = $(ROOT)/build/libs
DIRS = $(DIR_OBJS) $(DIR_EXES) $(DIR_DEPS) $(DIR_LIBS)
RMS = $(DIR_OBJS) $(DIR_DEPS)
ifneq("$(EXE)", "")
EXE := $(addprefix $(DIR_EXES)/, $(EXE))
RMS += $(EXE)
endif
ifneq("$(LIB)", "")
LIB := $(addprefix $(DIR_LIBS)/, $(LIB))
RMS += $(LIB)
endif
SRCS = $(wildcard *.c)
OBJS = $(SRCS :.c = .o)
OBJS := $(addprefix $(DIR_OBJS)/, $(OBJS))
DEPS = $(SRCS :.c = .dep)
DEPS := $(addprefix $(DIR_DEPS)/, $(DEPS))
ifeq("$(wildcard $(DIR_OBJS))", "")
DEP_DIR_OBJS := $(DIR_OBJS)
endif
ifeq("$(wildcard $(DIR_EXES))", "")
DEP_DIR_EXES := $(DIR_EXES)
endif
ifeq("$(wildcard $(DIR_DEPS))", "")
DEP_DIR_DEPS := $(DIR_DEPS)
endif
ifeq("$(wildcard $(DIR_LIBS))", "")
DEP_DIR_LIBS := $(DIR_LIBS)
endif
all : $(EXE) $(LIB)
ifneq($MAKECMDGOALS, clean)
include $(DEPS)
endif
ifneq($(INCLUDE_DIRS), "")
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(strips $(INCLUDE_DIRS))
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(addprefix -I, $(INCLUDE_DIRS))
endif
ifneq($(LINK_LIBS), "")
LINK_LIBS := $(strip $(LINK_LIBS))
LINK_LIBS := $(addprefix -l, $(LINK_LIBS))
endif
$(DIRS) :
    $(MKDIR) $@
$(EXE) : $(DEP_DIR_EXE) $(OBJS)
    $(CC) -L$(DIR_LIBS) -o $@ $(filter %.o, $^)
$(LIB) : $(DEP_DIR_LIB) $(OBJS)
    $(AR) $(ARFLAG) $@ $(filter %.o, $^)
$(DIR_OBJS) / %.o : $(DEP_DIR_OBJS) %.c
    $(CC) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) -o $@ -c $(filter %.c, $^)
$(DIR_DEPS) / %.dep : $(DEP_DIR_DEPS) %.c
    @echo "Creating $@ ..."
    @set -e;\
    $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $@.tmp;\
    $(CC) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) -E -MM $(filter %.c, $^) > $@.tmp;\
    sed 's,\(.*\)\.o[ :]*,objs/\1.o $@: ,g' < $@.tmp > $@;\
    $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $@.tmp
clean :
    $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $(RMS)

    huge / code / foo / src / Makefile

   
   
EXE = 
LIB = libfoo.a
INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc
LINK_LIBS = 
include $(ROOT)/build/make.rule

    huge / code / huge / src / Makefile

   
   
EXE = huge.exe
LIB = 
INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc
LINK_LIBS = foo
include $(ROOT)/build/make.rule

    其中改动如下：

1. 增加 LINK_LIBS 变量， 用于存放可执行程序在链接时所需的所有库
2. 将 $(DIR_LIBS) 通过 gcc 的 -L 选项加入到编译器的库搜索目录列表中。在 huge 项目中，将所有的库文件都放到 DIR_LIBS 目录下，简化了 Makefile 的实现
3. 在各模块的 src 目录下的 Makefile 中增加了 LINK_LIBS 变量的定义， 且在 code / huge / src / Makefile 中对 LINK_LIBS 赋值为 foo。

    运行结果：

$ make

/Makefile/huge/build/make.rule:43: deps / foo.dep:No such file or directory

mkdir deps

Creating deps / foo.dep

mkdir objs

gcc -I/Makefile/huge/code/foo/libs/inc  -o  objs/foo.o  -c  foo.c

gcc -L/Makefile/huge/build/libs -o /Makefile/huge/build/exes/huge.exe  objs/main.o  -lfoo

$ $ROOT/build/exes/huge.exe

This is foo ()!

    

    现在，往 huge 项目中增加一个 bar 模块，这个模块将生成 libbar.a 静态库

    huge / code / bar / inc / bar.h

  
  
#ifndef __BAR_H
#define __BAR_H
void bar();
#endif

    huge / code / bar / inc / bar.c

  
  
#include <stdio.h>
#include "bar.h"
void bar()
{
    printf("This is bar ()!\n");
}

    huge / code / bar / src / Makefile

  
  
EXE = 
LIB = libbar.a
INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/bar/inc
LINK_LIBS = 
include $(ROOT)/build/make.rule

    新增目录结构：

                             

    为了构建 libbar.a，需要进入 code / bar / src 目录并运行 make 命令

$ make

/Makefile/huge/build/make.rule:43: deps / bar.dep:No such file or directory

mkdir deps

Creating deps / bar.dep

mkdir objs

gcc -I/Makefile/huge/code/bar/libs/inc  -o  objs/bar.o  -c  bar.c

ar crs /Makefile/huge/build/libs/libbar.a   objs/bar.o

$ ls $ROOT/build/libs

libfoo.a  libbar.a

    在前面 code / huge / src / Makefile 的基础上，作以下改动：

    huge / code / huge / src / main.c

  
  
#include "foo.h"
#include "bar.h"
int main()
{
    foo();
    bar();
    return 0;
}

    huge / code / huge / src / Makefile

  
  
EXE = huge.exe
LIB = 
INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc \
    $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc
LINK_LIBS = foo bar
incldue $(ROOT)/build/make.rule

    运行结果：

/Makefile/huge/code/huge/src

$ make

Creating deps / main.dep ...

gcc -I/Makefile/huge/code/foo/inc  -I/Makefile/huge/code/bar/inc -o  objs/main.o  -c  main.c

gcc -L/Makefile/huge/build/libs -o /Makefile/huge/build/exes/huge.exe  objs/main.o  -lfoo -lbar

$ $ROOT/build/exes/huge.exe

This is foo ()!

This is bar()!

            参考文献：《专业嵌入式软件开发》李云·著                                                             2016年7月5日,星期二